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Identification of SHRUBBY, a SHORT-ROOT and SCARECROW interacting protein that controls root growth and radial patterning.
[cohen syndrome]
The
timing
and
extent
of
cell
division
is
particularly
important
for
the
growth
and
development
of
multicellular
organisms
.
Roots
of
the
model
organism
Arabidopsis
thaliana
have
been
widely
studied
as
a
paradigm
for
organ
development
in
plants
.
In
the
Arabidopsis
root
,
the
plant-
specific
GRAS
family
transcription
factors
SHORT-ROOT
(
SHR
)
and
SCARECROW
(
SCR
)
are
key
regulators
of
root
growth
and
of
the
asymmetric
cell
divisions
that
separate
the
ground
tissue
into
two
separate
layers
:
the
endodermis
and
cortex
.
To
elucidate
the
role
of
SHR
in
root
development
,
we
identified
17
SHR-interacting
proteins
.
Among
those
isolated
was
At
5
g
24740
,
which
we
named
SHRUBBY
(
SHBY
)
.
SHBY
is
a
vacuolar
sorting
protein
with
similarity
to
the
gene
responsible
for
Cohen
syndrome
in
humans
.
Hypomorphic
alleles
of
shby
caused
poor
root
growth
,
decreased
meristematic
activity
and
defects
in
radial
patterning
that
are
characterized
by
an
increase
in
the
number
of
cell
divisions
in
the
ground
tissue
that
lead
to
extra
cells
in
the
cortex
and
endodermis
,
as
well
as
additional
cell
layers
.
Analysis
of
genetic
and
molecular
markers
indicates
that
SHBY
acts
in
a
pathway
that
partially
overlaps
with
SHR
,
SCR
,
PLETHORA
1
and
PLETHORA
2
(
PLT
1
and
PLT
2
)
.
The
shby-
1
root
phenotype
was
partially
phenocopied
by
treatment
of
wild-
type
roots
with
the
proteosome
inhibitor
MG
132
or
the
gibberellic
acid
(
GA
)
synthesis
inhibitor
paclobutrazol
(
PAC
)
.
Our
results
indicate
that
SHBY
controls
root
growth
downstream
of
GA
in
part
through
the
regulation
of
SHR
and
SCR
.
