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Recent advances on the mechanisms regulating cholangiocyte proliferation and the significance of the neuroendocrine regulation of cholangiocyte pathophysiology.
[cholangiocarcinoma]
Cholangiocytes
are
epithelial
cells
lining
the
biliary
epithelium
.
Cholangiocytes
play
several
key
roles
in
the
modification
of
ductal
bile
and
are
also
the
target
cells
in
chronic
cholestatic
liver
diseases
(
i
.
e
.
,
cholangiopathies
)
such
as
PSC
,
PBC
,
polycystic
liver
disease
(
PCLD
)
and
cholangiocarcinoma
(
CCA
)
.
During
these
pathologies
,
cholangiocytes
(
which
in
normal
condition
are
in
a
quiescent
state
)
begin
to
proliferate
acquiring
phenotypes
of
neuroendocrine
cells
,
and
start
secreting
different
cytokines
,
growth
factors
,
neuropeptides
,
and
hormones
to
modulate
cholangiocytes
proliferation
and
interaction
with
the
surrounding
environment
,
trying
to
reestablish
the
balance
between
proliferation
/
loss
of
cholangiocytes
for
the
maintenance
of
biliary
homeostasis
.
The
purpose
of
this
review
is
to
summarize
the
recent
findings
on
the
mechanisms
regulating
cholangiocyte
proliferation
and
the
significance
of
the
neuroendocrine
regulation
of
cholangiocyte
pathophysiology
.
To
clarify
the
mechanisms
of
action
of
these
factors
we
will
provide
new
potential
strategies
for
the
management
of
chronic
liver
diseases
.