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Clonorchis sinensis Infestation Promotes Three-Dimensional Aggregation and Invasion of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells.
[cholangiocarcinoma]
Numerous
experimental
and
epidemiological
studies
have
demonstrated
a
correlation
between
Clonorchis
sinensis
(
C
.
sinensis
)
infestation
and
cholangiocarcinoma
(
CCA
)
.
However
,
the
role
of
C
.
sinensis
in
the
increased
invasiveness
and
proliferation
involved
in
the
malignancy
of
CCA
has
not
been
addressed
yet
.
Here
,
we
investigated
the
possibility
that
C
.
sinensis
infestation
promotes
expression
of
focal
and
cell-cell
adhesion
proteins
in
CCA
cells
and
secretion
of
matrix
metalloproteinases
(
MMPs
)
.
Adhesion
proteins
help
maintain
cell
aggregates
,
and
MMPs
promote
the
three
-dimensional
invasion
of
cells
into
the
neighboring
extracellular
matrix
(
ECM
)
.
Using
a
novel
microfluidic
assay
,
we
quantitatively
addressed
the
role
of
excretory-secretory
products
(
ESPs
)
gradients
from
C
.
sinensis
in
promoting
the
invasion
of
cells
into
the
neighboring
ECM
.
