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Potential biomarkers in gallbladder cancer: present status and future directions.
[carcinoma of the gallbladder]
Carcinoma
of
the
gallbladder
(
GBC
)
is
the
most
common
biliary
tree
cancer
in
the
world
.
Beside
gallstones
,
no
specific
risk
factors
for
GBC
are
currently
established
.
Several
published
studies
have
identified
various
prognostic
gene
expression
markers
in
GBC
.
T
he
present
article
reviewed
published
studies
on
gene
expression
biomarkers
and
gallbladder
cancer
susceptibility
.
We
searched
the
PubMed
,
Medline
,
and
Embase
databases
using
the
search
terms
"
Gallbladder
"
,
"
cancer
/
carcinoma
"
,
"
expression
"
,
"
genes
"
,
"
proteins
"
,
and
"
biomarker
"
updated
until
June
2012
and
limited
to
English
language
papers
.
The
online
searching
was
accompanied
by
checking
reference
lists
from
the
identified
articles
for
potentially
eligible
original
reports
.
Potential
GBC
biomarkers
identified
by
different
studies
were
summarized
.
To
infer
,
the
present
article
highlights
a
few
potential
biomarkers
in
GBC
.
However
,
none
of
the
markers
identified
so
far
are
effective
as
a
routine
screening
test
in
GBC
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"cancer"
symptom
achondroplasia
acute rheumatic fever
adrenal incidentaloma
alpha-thalassemia
benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis
cadasil
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
cholangiocarcinoma
coats disease
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
cowden syndrome
cushing syndrome
cutaneous mastocytosis
dedifferentiated liposarcoma
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
erdheim-chester disease
erythropoietic protoporphyria
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
familial mediterranean fever
gm1 gangliosidosis
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
hirschsprung disease
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
inclusion body myositis
junctional epidermolysis bullosa
kabuki syndrome
kallmann syndrome
kindler syndrome
lamellar ichthyosis
liposarcoma
locked-in syndrome
lymphangioleiomyomatosis
monosomy 21
neuralgic amyotrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
oligodontia
oral submucous fibrosis
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
pendred syndrome
pleomorphic liposarcoma
primary effusion lymphoma
proteus syndrome
pyomyositis
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
systemic capillary leak syndrome
triple a syndrome
von hippel-lindau disease
waldenström macroglobulinemia
well-differentiated liposarcoma
werner syndrome
wiskott-aldrich syndrome
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
This symptom has already been validated