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Delayed fatherhood.
[achondroplasia]
Birth
data
from
developed
countries
indicates
that
the
average
paternal
age
is
increasing
.
As
the
trend
to
older
fatherhood
has
become
established
,
concerns
have
been
raised
that
this
may
be
linked
to
adverse
outcomes
,
such
as
pregnancy
complications
,
congenital
anomalies
,
and
long
-term
health
implications
for
the
child
.
Since
the
sperm
of
older
fathers
may
be
impaired
due
to
the
general
effects
of
ageing
,
their
offspring
may
be
at
risk
due
to
defects
in
sperm
quality
at
conception
.
A
literature
search
was
performed
to
identify
pregnancy
complications
,
fetal
anomalies
and
health
issues
for
the
child
when
the
father
is
in
an
older
age
bracket
.
Evidence
for
impairment
in
the
sperm
and
genetic
material
of
older
fathers
was
reviewed
.
With
an
older
father
,
there
is
evidence
of
an
increase
in
stillbirths
and
a
slightly
increased
risk
of
autism
,
bipolar
disorder
and
schizophrenia
in
the
offspring
later
in
life
.
The
increased
risk
of
achondroplasia
has
long
been
recognised
.
For
the
mother
,
there
is
an
increased
rate
of
Caesarean
section
.
Investigations
of
other
possible
adverse
outcomes
have
produced
mixed
findings
.
Further
robust
and
longitudinal
studies
are
needed
to
clarify
these
issues
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"their offspring may be at risk due to defects in sperm quality at conception"
symptom
achondroplasia
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