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Clinical Associations of Cerebral Microbleeds on Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging.
[cadasil]
Susceptibility
-weighted
and
gradient-recalled
echo
T
2
*
magnetic
resonance
imaging
have
enabled
the
detection
of
very
small
foci
of
blood
within
the
brain
,
which
have
been
termed
"
cerebral
microbleeds
.
"
These
petechial
intraparenchymal
hemorrhages
have
begun
to
emerge
as
diagnostically
and
prognostically
useful
markers
in
a
variety
of
disease
states
.
Severe
hypertension
and
cerebral
amyloid
angiopathy
are
perhaps
the
best
established
microhemorrhagic
conditions
from
neuroimaging
literature
;
however
,
many
others
are
also
recognized
including
cerebral
autosomal
dominant
arteriopathy
,
subcortical
infarcts
,
and
leukoencephalopathy
(
CADASIL
)
,
moyamoya
disease
,
fat
embolism
,
cerebral
malaria
,
and
infective
endocarditis
.
Microbleeds
are
also
a
common
finding
in
the
setting
of
trauma
and
stroke
.
The
purpose
of
this
review
is
to
broadly
describe
the
neuroimaging
of
cerebral
microbleeds
in
a
wide
variety
of
conditions
,
including
the
differences
in
their
appearance
and
distribution
in
different
disease
states
.
In
a
few
situations
,
the
presence
of
microbleeds
may
influence
clinical
management
,
and
we
discuss
these
situations
in
detail
.
The
major
importance
of
this
emerging
field
in
neuroimaging
is
the
potential
to
identify
microvascular
pathology
at
an
asymptomatic
or
minimally
symptomatic
stage
and
create
a
window
of
therapeutic
opportunity
.
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"cerebral amyloid angiopathy are perhaps the best established microhemorrhagic conditions from neuroimaging literature"
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