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Estrogens--male hormones?
[aromatase deficiency]
The
cytochrome
P
450
aromatase
is
the
terminal
enzyme
responsible
for
the
irreversible
transformation
of
androgens
into
estrogens
;
it
is
present
in
the
endoplasmic
reticulum
membrane
of
cells
and
rather
ubiquitous
in
its
localization
.
The
aromatase
gene
is
unique
in
humans
and
its
expression
is
regulated
in
a
cell-
specific
manner
via
the
alternative
use
of
various
promoters
located
in
the
first
exon
I
of
the
CYP
19
gene
.
The
aromatase
gene
expression
and
its
translation
into
a
fully
active
protein
have
been
shown
in
most
of
the
testicular
cells
including
germ
cells
as
well
as
in
the
epithelial
cells
of
the
epididymis
in
mammals
.
Together
with
the
widespread
distribution
of
estrogen
receptors
(
ERalpha
and
ERbeta
)
in
the
genital
tract
of
the
male
,
a
physiological
role
for
estrogens
in
the
regulation
of
mammalian
reproductive
functions
including
the
regulation
of
gonadotropin
feedback
,
is
now
well
recognized
.
Moreover
,
in
men
the
aromatase
deficiency
is
associated
with
severe
bone
maturation
problems
,
alterations
of
lipid
and
sugar
metabolism
and
sterility
;
but
conversely
an
excess
of
estrogens
is
responsible
for
the
impairment
of
spermatogenesis
.
In
addition
,
estrogens
play
an
important
role
in
the
control
of
osteoporosis
and
of
atherosclerosis
,
especially
in
elderly
men
.
Consequently
,
estradiol
seems
to
be
a
critical
factor
not
only
for
normal
reproduction
(
at
least
for
maturation
and
survival
of
germ
cells
)
but
also
for
various
physiological
processes
and
thus
,
estrogens
should
be
now
considered
as
"
male
hormones
"
.
