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Childhood urolithiasis in Iran with special reference to staghorn calculi.
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Between
1972
and
1984
148
children
with
urolithiasis
were
studied
and
managed
at
the
University
Clinic
Children
's
Hospital
of
Teheran
.
In
125
children
the
calculi
were
in
the
upper
and
in
23
children
in
the
lower
urinary
tract
.
The
maximum
incidence
was
between
the
ages
of
5
-
8
and
12
years
.
25
children
had
malformations
and
16
had
metabolic
disorders
.
Cystinuria
was
observed
in
6
and
xanthinuria
in
3
cases
.
The
main
constituents
of
calculi
analyses
in
the
upper
urinary
tract
were
calcium
oxalate
followed
by
ammonium
acid
urate
.
In
the
lower
urinary
tract
ammonium
acid
urate
and
oxalate
were
seen
with
equal
frequency
,
followed
by
uric
acid
.
16
children
had
staghorn
calculi
with
an
age
profile
of
5
-
13
years
.
Predominant
symptoms
were
flank
pain
and
gross
hematuria
.
In
4
cases
the
calculi
were
bilateral
.
The
calculi
were
removed
successfully
by
pyelotomy
and
extensive
pyelolithotomy
.
In
2
cases
with
more
branched-out
staghorn
calculi
and
separate
fragments
,
a
logitudinal
extensive
nephrotomy
was
performed
.
In
the
absence
of
recurrent
stones
,
renal
growth
and
function
were
satisfactory
postoperatively
.
In
the
majority
of
the
cases
the
analyses
of
the
staghorn
calculi
revealed
phosphate
.
