Bilateral xanthine nephrolithiasis in a dog.

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Xanthinuria is an uncommon metabolic disorder clinically manifested as urolithiasis . There are two forms of the disease , congenital and iatrogenic . The former was diagnosed in a four -year -old dachshund bitch . The patient was presented with signs of terminal chronic renal failure . Urine was bacteriologically sterile with massive amorphous crystalluria . Bilateral nephrolithiasis was diagnosed at necropsy . The kidneys were shrunken with marked atrophy of the renal cortex and medulla . Infrared spectrometry revealed that the stones comprised 100 per cent xanthine . Later , two of the patient 's siblings were examined for urine xanthine content ; both showed higher concentrations of xanthine than a control dog . The described case is compared with seven known published cases of congenital xanthinuria .