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Modulation of telomeres in alternative lengthening of telomeres type I like human cells by the expression of werner protein and telomerase.
[werner syndrome]
The
alternative
lengthening
of
telomeres
(
ALT
)
is
a
recombination-based
mechanism
of
telomere
maintenance
activated
in
5
-
20
%
of
human
cancers
.
In
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
,
survivors
that
arise
after
inactivation
of
telomerase
can
be
classified
as
type
I
or
type
II
ALT
.
In
type
I
,
telomeres
have
a
tandem
array
structure
,
with
each
subunit
consisting
of
a
subtelomeric
Y
'
element
and
short
telomere
sequence
.
Telomeres
in
type
II
have
only
long
telomere
repeats
and
require
Sgs
1
,
the
S
.
cerevisiae
RecQ
family
helicase
.
We
previously
described
the
first
human
ALT
cell
line
,
AG
11395
,
that
has
a
telomere
structure
similar
to
type
I
ALT
yeast
cells
.
This
cell
line
lacks
the
activity
of
the
Werner
syndrome
protein
,
a
human
RecQ
helicase
.
The
telomeres
in
this
cell
line
consist
of
tandem
repeats
containing
SV
40
DNA
,
including
the
origin
of
replication
,
and
telomere
sequence
.
We
investigated
the
role
of
the
SV
40
origin
of
replication
and
the
effects
of
Werner
protein
and
telomerase
on
telomere
structure
and
maintenance
in
AG
11395
cells
.
We
report
that
the
expression
of
Werner
protein
facilitates
the
transition
in
human
cells
of
ALT
type
I
like
telomeres
to
type
II
like
telomeres
in
some
aspects
.
These
findings
have
implications
for
the
diagnosis
and
treatment
of
cancer
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"cancer"
symptom
achondroplasia
acute rheumatic fever
adrenal incidentaloma
alpha-thalassemia
benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis
cadasil
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
cholangiocarcinoma
coats disease
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
cowden syndrome
cushing syndrome
cutaneous mastocytosis
dedifferentiated liposarcoma
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
erdheim-chester disease
erythropoietic protoporphyria
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
familial mediterranean fever
gm1 gangliosidosis
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
hirschsprung disease
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
inclusion body myositis
junctional epidermolysis bullosa
kabuki syndrome
kallmann syndrome
kindler syndrome
lamellar ichthyosis
liposarcoma
locked-in syndrome
lymphangioleiomyomatosis
monosomy 21
neuralgic amyotrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
oligodontia
oral submucous fibrosis
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
pendred syndrome
pleomorphic liposarcoma
primary effusion lymphoma
proteus syndrome
pyomyositis
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
systemic capillary leak syndrome
triple a syndrome
von hippel-lindau disease
waldenström macroglobulinemia
well-differentiated liposarcoma
werner syndrome
wiskott-aldrich syndrome
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
This symptom has already been validated
