Estrogens and growth: review.

[aromatase deficiency]

Longitudinal bone growth occurs in the growth plate through a process where resting zone chondrocytes are recruited to start active proliferation and then undergo differentiation , followed by apoptosis and later mineralization . Bone growth is controlled by several hormones and growth factors acting systemically and /or locally in the growth plate . From studies of individuals with aromatase deficiency and a man with defective estrogen receptor (ER )-alpha it has become clear that estrogen action is indispensable for normal pubertal growth and growth plate fusion . Any functional role of ERbeta has not yet been defined in the human growth plate . As new specific modulators of estrogen receptors are developed , these could offer more specific ways to modulate longitudinal growth and growth plate fusion . It is difficult to extrapolate data obtained in experimental animals , as clear species differences exist , emphasizing the need for new models allowing studies in human growth plate cartilage .

Diseases
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Diseases presenting "later mineralization" symptom

aromatase deficiency

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