Disease-causing missense mutations in human DNA helicase disorders.

[werner syndrome]

Helicases have important roles in nucleic acid metabolism , and their prominence is marked by the discovery of genetic disorders arising from disease-causing mutations . Missense mutations can yield unique insight to molecular functions and basis for disease pathology . XPB or XPD missense mutations lead to Xeroderma pigmentosum , Cockayne 's syndrome , Trichothiodystrophy , or COFS syndrome , suggesting that DNA repair and transcription defects are responsible for clinical heterogeneity . Complex phenotypes are also observed for RECQL 4 helicase mutations responsible for Rothmund-Thomson syndrome , Baller-Gerold syndrome , or RAPADILINO . Bloom 's syndrome causing missense mutations are found in the conserved helicase and RecQ C-terminal domain of BLM that interfere with helicase function . Although rare , patient-derived missense mutations in the exonuclease or helicase domain of Werner syndrome protein exist . Characterization of WRN separation-of-function mutants may provide insight to catalytic requirements for suppression of phenotypes associated with the premature aging disorder . Characterized FANCJ missense mutations associated with breast cancer or Fanconi anemia interfere with FANCJ helicase activity required for DNA repair and the replication stress response . For example , a FA patient-derived mutation in the FANCJ Iron -Sulfur domain was shown to uncouple its ATPase and translocase activity from DNA unwinding . Mutations in DDX 11 (ChlR 1 ) are responsible for Warsaw Breakage syndrome , a recently discovered autosomal recessive cohesinopathy . Ongoing and future studies will address clinically relevant helicase mutations and polymorphisms , including those that interfere with key protein interactions or exert dominant negative phenotypes (e .g ., certain mutant alleles of Twinkle mitochondrial DNA helicase ). Chemical rescue may be an approach to restore helicase activity in loss -of-function helicase disorders . Genetic and biochemical analyses of disease-causing missense mutations in human helicase disorders have led to new insights to the molecular defects underlying aberrant cellular and clinical phenotypes .

Diseases
Validation

Diseases presenting "breast cancer" symptom

acute rheumatic fever

aromatase deficiency

carcinoma of the gallbladder

child syndrome

cowden syndrome

cutaneous mastocytosis

dedifferentiated liposarcoma

esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

junctional epidermolysis bullosa

kindler syndrome

liposarcoma

lymphangioleiomyomatosis

oral submucous fibrosis

proteus syndrome

severe combined immunodeficiency

systemic capillary leak syndrome

von hippel-lindau disease

waldenström macroglobulinemia

werner syndrome

wiskott-aldrich syndrome

This symptom has already been validated