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Estrogens as regulators of bone health in men.
[aromatase deficiency]
Bone
metabolism
is
influenced
by
sex
steroids
during
growth
and
adulthood
in
both
men
and
women
.
Although
this
influence
is
well
described
in
women
,
the
relative
importance
of
androgens
and
estrogens
in
the
regulation
of
the
male
skeleton
remains
uncertain
.
Even
though
estradiol
has
been
considered
the
'
female
hormone
'
,
levels
of
serum
estradiol
in
elderly
men
are
higher
than
those
in
postmenopausal
women
.
Estradiol
levels
are
more
strongly
associated
with
BMD
,
bone
turnover
and
bone
loss
than
testosterone
levels
are
in
adult
men
.
Case
reports
of
young
men
with
estrogen
resistance
or
aromatase
deficiency
also
suggest
a
crucial
role
for
estradiol
in
regulation
of
skeletal
growth
in
men
.
Moreover
,
serum
levels
of
both
estrogens
and
androgens
are
inversely
associated
with
the
risk
of
fracture
in
aging
men
.
A
large
,
prospective
,
population-based
study
showed
that
levels
of
serum
estradiol
predict
the
risk
of
fracture
,
independently
of
serum
testosterone
.
Evidence
suggests
that
a
threshold
level
of
estradiol
exists
below
which
the
male
skeleton
is
impaired
;
rates
of
bone
loss
and
fracture
seem
to
be
increased
and
bone
maturation
delayed
in
men
with
estradiol
levels
below
this
threshold
.
On
the
basis
of
these
findings
,
we
propose
that
not
only
androgens
,
but
also
estrogens
,
are
important
regulators
of
bone
health
in
men
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"bone health in men"
symptom
aromatase deficiency
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