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Same species, different diseases: how and why typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars differ.
[typhoid]
Human
infections
by
the
bacterial
pathogen
Salmonella
enterica
represent
major
disease
burdens
worldwide
.
This
highly
ubiquitous
species
consists
of
more
than
2600
different
serovars
that
can
be
divided
into
typhoidal
and
non-typhoidal
Salmonella
(
NTS
)
serovars
.
Despite
their
genetic
similarity
,
these
two
groups
elicit
very
different
diseases
and
distinct
immune
responses
in
humans
.
Comparative
analyses
of
the
genomes
of
multiple
Salmonella
serovars
have
begun
to
explain
the
basis
of
the
variation
in
disease
manifestations
.
Recent
advances
in
modeling
both
enteric
fever
and
intestinal
gastroenteritis
in
mice
will
facilitate
investigation
into
both
the
bacterial-
and
host-mediated
mechanisms
involved
in
salmonelloses
.
Understanding
the
genetic
and
molecular
mechanisms
responsible
for
differences
in
disease
outcome
will
augment
our
understanding
of
Salmonella
pathogenesis
,
host
immunity
,
and
the
molecular
basis
of
host
specificity
.
This
review
outlines
the
differences
in
epidemiology
,
clinical
manifestations
,
and
the
human
immune
response
to
typhoidal
and
NTS
infections
and
summarizes
the
current
thinking
on
why
these
differences
might
exist
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"fever"
symptom
22q11.2 deletion syndrome
acute rheumatic fever
alexander disease
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
child syndrome
congenital toxoplasmosis
cushing syndrome
cystinuria
dracunculiasis
erdheim-chester disease
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
familial mediterranean fever
focal myositis
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
lamellar ichthyosis
legionellosis
locked-in syndrome
malignant atrophic papulosis
neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy
neuralgic amyotrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
pyomyositis
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
scrub typhus
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
systemic capillary leak syndrome
triple a syndrome
typhoid
waldenström macroglobulinemia
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
This symptom has already been validated