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A comparative study of Widal test with blood culture in the diagnosis of typhoid fever in febrile patients.
[typhoid]
Typhoid
fever
is
a
major
health
problem
in
developing
countries
and
its
diagnosis
on
clinical
ground
is
difficult
.
Diagnosis
in
developing
countries
including
Ethiopia
is
mostly
done
by
Widal
test
.
However
,
the
value
of
the
test
has
been
debated
.
Hence
,
evaluating
the
result
of
this
test
is
necessary
for
correct
interpretation
of
the
result
.
The
main
aim
of
this
study
was
to
compare
the
result
of
Widal
test
and
blood
culture
in
the
diagnosis
of
typhoid
fever
in
febrile
patients
.
Blood
samples
were
collected
from
270
febrile
patients
with
symptoms
clinically
similar
to
typhoid
fever
and
visiting
St
.
Paul
's
General
Specialized
Hospitals
from
mid
December
2010
to
March
2011
.
Blood
culture
was
used
to
isolate
S
.
typhi
and
S
.
paratyphi
.
Slide
agglutination
test
and
tube
agglutination
tests
were
used
for
the
determination
of
antibody
titer
.
An
antibody
titer
of
≥
1
:
80
for
anti
TO
and
≥
1
:
160
for
anti
TH
were
taken
as
a
cut
of
value
to
indicate
recent
infection
of
typhoid
fever
.
One
hundred
and
eighty
six
(
68
.
9
%
)
participants
were
females
and
eighty
four
(
31
.
1
%
)
were
males
.
7
(
2
.
6
%
)
cases
of
S
.
typhi
and
4
(
1
.
5
%
)
cases
of
S
.
paratyphi
were
identified
with
the
total
prevalence
of
typhoid
fever
4
.
1
%
.
The
total
number
of
patients
who
have
indicative
of
recent
infection
by
either
of
O
and
H
antigens
Widal
test
is
88
(
32
.
6
%
)
.
The
sensitivity
,
specificity
,
Positive
predictive
Value
and
Negative
predictive
Value
of
Widal
test
were
71
.
4
%
,
68
.
44
%
,
5
.
7
%
and
98
.
9
%
respectively
.
Widal
test
has
a
low
sensitivity
,
specificity
and
PPV
,
but
it
has
good
NPV
which
indicates
that
negative
Widal
test
result
have
a
good
indication
for
the
absence
of
the
disease
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"fever"
symptom
22q11.2 deletion syndrome
acute rheumatic fever
alexander disease
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
child syndrome
congenital toxoplasmosis
cushing syndrome
cystinuria
dracunculiasis
erdheim-chester disease
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
familial mediterranean fever
focal myositis
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
lamellar ichthyosis
legionellosis
locked-in syndrome
malignant atrophic papulosis
neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy
neuralgic amyotrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
pyomyositis
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
scrub typhus
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
systemic capillary leak syndrome
triple a syndrome
typhoid
waldenström macroglobulinemia
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
This symptom has already been validated