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A comparative study of Widal test with blood culture in the diagnosis of typhoid fever in febrile patients.
[typhoid]
Typhoid
fever
is
a
major
health
problem
in
developing
countries
and
its
diagnosis
on
clinical
ground
is
difficult
.
Diagnosis
in
developing
countries
including
Ethiopia
is
mostly
done
by
Widal
test
.
However
,
the
value
of
the
test
has
been
debated
.
Hence
,
evaluating
the
result
of
this
test
is
necessary
for
correct
interpretation
of
the
result
.
The
main
aim
of
this
study
was
to
compare
the
result
of
Widal
test
and
blood
culture
in
the
diagnosis
of
typhoid
fever
in
febrile
patients
.
Blood
samples
were
collected
from
270
febrile
patients
with
symptoms
clinically
similar
to
typhoid
fever
and
visiting
St
.
Paul
's
General
Specialized
Hospitals
from
mid
December
2010
to
March
2011
.
Blood
culture
was
used
to
isolate
S
.
typhi
and
S
.
paratyphi
.
Slide
agglutination
test
and
tube
agglutination
tests
were
used
for
the
determination
of
antibody
titer
.
An
antibody
titer
of
≥
1
:
80
for
anti
TO
and
≥
1
:
160
for
anti
TH
were
taken
as
a
cut
of
value
to
indicate
recent
infection
of
typhoid
fever
.
One
hundred
and
eighty
six
(
68
.
9
%
)
participants
were
females
and
eighty
four
(
31
.
1
%
)
were
males
.
7
(
2
.
6
%
)
cases
of
S
.
typhi
and
4
(
1
.
5
%
)
cases
of
S
.
paratyphi
were
identified
with
the
total
prevalence
of
typhoid
fever
4
.
1
%
.
The
total
number
of
patients
who
have
indicative
of
recent
infection
by
either
of
O
and
H
antigens
Widal
test
is
88
(
32
.
6
%
)
.
The
sensitivity
,
specificity
,
Positive
predictive
Value
and
Negative
predictive
Value
of
Widal
test
were
71
.
4
%
,
68
.
44
%
,
5
.
7
%
and
98
.
9
%
respectively
.
Widal
test
has
a
low
sensitivity
,
specificity
and
PPV
,
but
it
has
good
NPV
which
indicates
that
negative
Widal
test
result
have
a
good
indication
for
the
absence
of
the
disease
.
