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A random Abstract
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Influence of gender on the clinical and laboratory spectra of patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome.
[sneddon syndrome]
The
objectives
of
this
cross-sectional
study
were
to
evaluate
the
differences
between
males
and
females
in
the
clinical
and
biochemical
manifestations
of
primary
antiphospholipid
antibody
syndrome
(
PAPS
)
.
The
method
involved
49
patients
(
38
premenopausal
females
and
11
males
)
diagnosed
with
PAPS
(
according
to
the
Sapporo
criteria
)
and
their
demographic
data
,
clinical
data
,
medications
used
and
antiphospholipid
antibodies
were
analyzed
.
The
results
of
this
study
are
as
follows
.
Both
the
groups
of
patients
were
statistically
similar
regarding
age
,
race
,
weight
and
body
mass
index
.
However
,
males
were
significantly
taller
than
females
(
172
±
8
.
9
vs
.
159
.
2
±
6
.
2
cm
,
p
<
0
.
0001
)
.
The
duration
of
disease
was
similar
for
females
and
males
.
The
prevalence
of
pulmonary
thromboembolism
was
higher
in
females
than
in
males
(
34
.
2
vs
.
0
.
0
%
,
p
=
0
.
024
)
.
Regarding
other
PAPS
manifestations
(
arterial
events
,
venous
events
,
deep
venous
thrombosis
,
thrombocytopenia
,
acute
myocardial
infarction
,
angina
,
cerebrovascular
accidents
and
Sneddon
syndrome
)
,
comorbidities
(
arterial
hypertension
and
dyslipidemia
)
,
lifestyle
(
physical
activity
,
previous
smoking
and
current
smoking
)
and
the
use
of
medications
(
current
and
previous
use
of
corticosteroids
,
as
well
as
the
use
of
statins
or
chloroquine
)
,
both
groups
were
statistically
similar
(
p
>
0
.
05
)
.
More
females
than
males
tested
positive
for
IgM
anticardiolipin
antibodies
(
76
.
3
vs
.
36
.
4
%
,
p
=
0
.
025
)
or
for
at
least
one
of
the
antiphospholipid
antibodies
tested
(
either
IgM
anticardiolipin
or
IgG
anticardiolipin
84
.
2
vs
.
45
.
5
%
,
p
=
0
.
016
)
.
However
,
both
groups
were
similar
regarding
the
frequency
of
positivity
for
lupus
anticoagulant
and
isolated
IgG
anticardiolipin
,
as
well
as
regarding
mean
levels
of
IgG
and
IgM
anticardiolipin
(
p
>
0
.
05
)
.
We
concluded
that
,
among
PAPS
patients
,
the
frequency
of
pulmonary
thromboembolism
and
of
positivity
for
IgM
anticardiolipin
is
higher
in
females
than
in
males
.
Our
findings
show
that
there
are
gender
differences
in
PAPS
,
differences
that
might
be
related
to
alterations
in
sex
hormones
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"hypertension"
symptom
achondroplasia
acute rheumatic fever
adrenal incidentaloma
aniridia
aromatase deficiency
cadasil
child syndrome
cohen syndrome
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
cushing syndrome
cystinuria
erdheim-chester disease
erythropoietic protoporphyria
esophageal adenocarcinoma
fabry disease
familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
gm1 gangliosidosis
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
holt-oram syndrome
homocystinuria without methylmalonic aciduria
hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius
inclusion body myositis
kallmann syndrome
kindler syndrome
lamellar ichthyosis
lymphangioleiomyomatosis
pendred syndrome
primary effusion lymphoma
scrub typhus
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
typhoid
von hippel-lindau disease
well-differentiated liposarcoma
werner syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
zellweger syndrome
This symptom has already been validated
