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A random Abstract
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Influence of gender on the clinical and laboratory spectra of patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome.
[sneddon syndrome]
The
objectives
of
this
cross-sectional
study
were
to
evaluate
the
differences
between
males
and
females
in
the
clinical
and
biochemical
manifestations
of
primary
antiphospholipid
antibody
syndrome
(
PAPS
)
.
The
method
involved
49
patients
(
38
premenopausal
females
and
11
males
)
diagnosed
with
PAPS
(
according
to
the
Sapporo
criteria
)
and
their
demographic
data
,
clinical
data
,
medications
used
and
antiphospholipid
antibodies
were
analyzed
.
The
results
of
this
study
are
as
follows
.
Both
the
groups
of
patients
were
statistically
similar
regarding
age
,
race
,
weight
and
body
mass
index
.
However
,
males
were
significantly
taller
than
females
(
172
±
8
.
9
vs
.
159
.
2
±
6
.
2
cm
,
p
<
0
.
0001
)
.
The
duration
of
disease
was
similar
for
females
and
males
.
The
prevalence
of
pulmonary
thromboembolism
was
higher
in
females
than
in
males
(
34
.
2
vs
.
0
.
0
%
,
p
=
0
.
024
)
.
Regarding
other
PAPS
manifestations
(
arterial
events
,
venous
events
,
deep
venous
thrombosis
,
thrombocytopenia
,
acute
myocardial
infarction
,
angina
,
cerebrovascular
accidents
and
Sneddon
syndrome
)
,
comorbidities
(
arterial
hypertension
and
dyslipidemia
)
,
lifestyle
(
physical
activity
,
previous
smoking
and
current
smoking
)
and
the
use
of
medications
(
current
and
previous
use
of
corticosteroids
,
as
well
as
the
use
of
statins
or
chloroquine
)
,
both
groups
were
statistically
similar
(
p
>
0
.
05
)
.
More
females
than
males
tested
positive
for
IgM
anticardiolipin
antibodies
(
76
.
3
vs
.
36
.
4
%
,
p
=
0
.
025
)
or
for
at
least
one
of
the
antiphospholipid
antibodies
tested
(
either
IgM
anticardiolipin
or
IgG
anticardiolipin
84
.
2
vs
.
45
.
5
%
,
p
=
0
.
016
)
.
However
,
both
groups
were
similar
regarding
the
frequency
of
positivity
for
lupus
anticoagulant
and
isolated
IgG
anticardiolipin
,
as
well
as
regarding
mean
levels
of
IgG
and
IgM
anticardiolipin
(
p
>
0
.
05
)
.
We
concluded
that
,
among
PAPS
patients
,
the
frequency
of
pulmonary
thromboembolism
and
of
positivity
for
IgM
anticardiolipin
is
higher
in
females
than
in
males
.
Our
findings
show
that
there
are
gender
differences
in
PAPS
,
differences
that
might
be
related
to
alterations
in
sex
hormones
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"dyslipidemia"
symptom
adrenal incidentaloma
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
cowden syndrome
cushing syndrome
esophageal adenocarcinoma
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
proteus syndrome
sneddon syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
This symptom has already been validated