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Rickettsial infections in Southeast Asia: implications for local populace and febrile returned travelers.
[scrub typhus]
Rickettsial
infections
represent
a
major
cause
of
non-malarial
febrile
illnesses
among
the
residents
of
Southeast
Asia
and
returned
travelers
from
that
region
.
There
are
several
challenges
in
recognition
,
diagnosis
,
and
management
of
rickettsioses
endemic
to
Southeast
Asia
.
This
review
focuses
on
the
prevalent
rickettsial
infections
,
namely
,
murine
typhus
(
Rickettsia
typhi
)
,
scrub
typhus
(
Orientia
tsutsugamushi
)
,
and
members
of
spotted
fever
group
rickettsiae
.
Information
on
epidemiology
and
regional
variance
in
the
prevalence
of
rickettsial
infections
is
analyzed
.
Clinical
characteristics
of
main
groups
of
rickettsioses
,
unusual
presentations
,
and
common
pitfalls
in
diagnosis
are
further
discussed
.
In
particular
,
relevant
epidemiologic
and
clinical
aspects
on
emerging
spotted
fever
group
rickettsiae
in
the
region
,
such
as
Rickettsia
honei
,
R
.
felis
,
R
.
japonica
,
and
R
.
helvetica
,
are
presented
.
Furthermore
,
challenges
in
laboratory
diagnosis
and
management
aspects
of
rickettsial
infections
unique
to
Southeast
Asia
are
discussed
,
and
data
on
emerging
resistance
to
antimicrobial
drugs
and
treatment
/
prevention
options
are
also
reviewed
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"fever"
symptom
22q11.2 deletion syndrome
acute rheumatic fever
alexander disease
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
child syndrome
congenital toxoplasmosis
cushing syndrome
cystinuria
dracunculiasis
erdheim-chester disease
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
familial mediterranean fever
focal myositis
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
lamellar ichthyosis
legionellosis
locked-in syndrome
malignant atrophic papulosis
neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy
neuralgic amyotrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
pyomyositis
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
scrub typhus
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
systemic capillary leak syndrome
triple a syndrome
typhoid
waldenström macroglobulinemia
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
This symptom has already been validated