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Premorbid adjustment and schizophrenia in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
[22q11.2 deletion syndrome]
The
literature
on
idiopathic
schizophrenia
has
consistently
reported
that
poor
premorbid
functioning
precedes
onset
of
psychosis
.
Individuals
with
22
q
11
.
2
deletion
syndrome
(
22
q
11
.
2
DS
)
are
at
heightened
risk
of
developing
schizophrenia
.
The
present
study
examined
the
relationship
between
adult-onset
schizophrenia
and
social
and
academic
functioning
across
childhood
and
early
adolescent
development
in
22
q
11
.
2
DS
.
Premorbid
adjustment
in
social
and
academic
domains
during
childhood
(
ages
5
-
11
years
)
and
early
adolescence
(
ages
12
-
15
years
)
of
103
adults
with
22
q
11
.
2
DS
was
assessed
using
the
Premorbid
Adjustment
Scale
(
PAS
)
.
Linear
mixed
-models
were
used
to
compare
PAS
scores
between
the
43
subjects
who
later
developed
schizophrenia
and
the
60
subjects
who
did
not
.
Social
functioning
and
academic
functioning
deteriorated
from
childhood
to
early
adolescence
among
those
who
later
developed
schizophrenia
compared
to
stable
functioning
,
on
average
,
in
those
who
did
not
later
develop
a
psychotic
disorder
.
Those
who
developed
schizophrenia
had
significantly
higher
PAS
scores
(
indicating
poorer
functioning
)
in
social
(
β
=
0
.
118
,
95
%
CI
:
0
.
046
-
0
.
189
)
and
academic
(
β
=
0
.
072
,
95
%
CI
:
0
.
015
-
0
.
129
)
domains
between
childhood
and
early
adolescence
,
independent
of
the
presence
of
intellectual
disability
.
The
two
groups
had
similar
PAS
scores
during
childhood
.
Consistent
with
the
literature
on
idiopathic
schizophrenia
,
deterioration
in
social
and
academic
functioning
between
childhood
and
early
adolescence
preceded
onset
of
schizophrenia
in
this
cohort
of
22
q
11
.
2
DS
patients
,
regardless
of
functioning
at
baseline
.
These
findings
suggest
that
monitoring
for
changes
in
functioning
,
in
addition
to
emergence
of
typical
symptoms
,
may
help
to
prevent
delays
in
diagnosis
and
treatment
of
major
psychotic
illness
in
22
q
11
.
2
DS
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"heightened risk of developing schizophrenia"
symptom
22q11.2 deletion syndrome
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