Epidemiology and Transmission of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus.

[primary effusion lymphoma]

This review summarizes the current knowledge pertaining to Kaposi sarcoma -associated herpesvirus (KSHV ) epidemiology and transmission . Since the identification of KSHV twenty years ago , it is now known to be associated with Kaposi 's sarcoma (KS ), primary effusion lymphoma , and multicentric Castleman 's disease . Many studies have been conducted to understand its epidemiology and pathogenesis and their results clearly show that the worldwide distribution of KSHV is uneven . Some geographical areas , such as sub-Saharan Africa , the Mediterranean region and the Xinjiang region of China , are endemic areas , but Western Europe and United States have a low prevalence in the general population . This makes it imperative to understand the risk factors associated with acquisition of infection . KSHV can be transmitted via sexual contact and non-sexual routes , such as transfusion of contaminated blood and tissues transplants , or via saliva contact . There is now a general consensus that salivary transmission is the main route of transmission , especially in children residing in endemic areas . Therefore , there is a need to better understand the sources of transmission to young children . Additionally , lack of animal models to study transmission , gold standard serological assay and the lack of emphasis on endemic KS research has hampered the efforts to further delineate KSHV transmission in order to design effective prevention strategies .

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Diseases presenting "the lack of emphasis on endemic ks research has hampered the efforts to further delineate kshv transmission in order to design effective prevention strategies" symptom

primary effusion lymphoma

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