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The Molecular Bases of Phenylketonuria (PKU) in New South Wales, Australia: Mutation Profile and Correlation with Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) Responsiveness.

[phenylketonuria]

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of phenylalanine metabolism predominantly caused by mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene. Mutation screening was carried out in a large cohort of PKU patients from New South Wales, Australia. Pathogenic mutations were identified in 99% of the alleles screened, with the two most common mutations (p.R408W and IVS12+1G>A) accounting for 30.7% of alleles. Most individuals were compound heterozygotes for previously reported mutations, but four novel mutations (c.163+1G>T, c.164-2A>G, c.461A>T [p.Y154F], and c.510-1G>A) and a novel polymorphism (c.60+62C>T) were also identified. A number of patients have been previously tested for their response to dietary supplementation of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), the cofactor of PAH. Correlation between genotype and the responses revealed that although genotype is a major determinant of BH4 responsiveness, patients with the same genotype may also show disparate responses to this treatment. A clinical and biochemical evaluation should be undertaken to determine the effectiveness of PKU treatment by supplementation of BH4.

Diseases presenting "large cohort" symptom

  • adrenal incidentaloma
  • adrenomyeloneuropathy
  • cadasil
  • child syndrome
  • congenital diaphragmatic hernia
  • cushing syndrome
  • cystinuria
  • erdheim-chester disease
  • esophageal adenocarcinoma
  • esophageal carcinoma
  • esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
  • fabry disease
  • familial mediterranean fever
  • inclusion body myositis
  • junctional epidermolysis bullosa
  • kabuki syndrome
  • krabbe disease
  • oligodontia
  • pendred syndrome
  • phenylketonuria
  • thoracic outlet syndrome
  • waldenström macroglobulinemia

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