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Depression, anxiety, and stress in young adults with phenylketonuria: associations with biochemistry.
[phenylketonuria]
Increasing
concurrent
phenylalanine
to
"
off-diet
"
levels
in
adults
with
phenylketonuria
(
PKU
)
has
been
shown
to
lead
to
mood
disturbances
.
However
,
the
impact
of
controlled
phenylalanine
exposure
across
the
developmental
life
span
and
mood
stability
remains
questionable
.
The
aim
of
this
study
was
to
investigate
correlations
between
lifetime
and
concurrent
phenylalanine
(
Phe
)
and
tyrosine
(
Tyr
)
with
levels
of
depression
,
anxiety
,
and
stress
in
young
adults
maintaining
a
continuously
treated
diet
for
PKU
.
Eight
young
adults
(
6
females
,
2
males
)
aged
15
to
25
years
(
mean
=
19
.
37
,
SD
=
3
.
62
)
recruited
through
the
Royal
Children
's
Hospital
Brisbane
,
with
early
and
continuously
treated
PKU
completed
the
Depression
Anxiety
Stress
Scale
,
which
was
correlated
with
lifetime
and
concurrent
measures
of
Phe
,
Tyr
,
and
Phe-
Tyr
ratios
.
There
was
a
strong
significant
correlation
between
lifetime
Phe
and
levels
of
anxiety
and
stress
(
p
<
.
01
)
.
Greater
Phe-
to
-
Tyr
blood
ratios
were
indicative
of
increased
depression
and
anxiety
levels
(
p
<
.
01
)
.
An
interaction
between
biochemical
regulation
and
depression
,
anxiety
,
and
stress
levels
was
present
in
young
adults
with
continuously
treated
PKU
who
were
actively
attempting
to
maintain
dietary
control
.
Strong
associations
were
present
with
lifetime
levels
,
suggesting
a
developmental
impact
of
PKU
-related
biochemical
exposure
and
the
emergence
of
mood
disturbances
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"continuously treated diet"
symptom
phenylketonuria
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