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Estimation and correlative study of salivary nitrate and nitrite in tobacco related oral squamous carcinoma and submucous fibrosis.
[oral submucous fibrosis]
Oral
cancer
is
one
of
the
ten
leading
cancers
of
the
world
.
In
India
,
it
is
one
of
the
common
cancers
and
is
an
important
public
health
problem
.
Tobacco
plays
significant
role
in
etiology
of
oral
squamous
carcinoma
.
Tobacco
which
is
chewed
or
smoked
contains
many
alkaloids
which
are
known
carcinogens
.
Oral
submucous
fibrosis
(
OSMF
)
is
a
disease
of
the
Indian
subcontinent
,
which
through
immigration
has
a
worldwide
distribution
.
Betel
nut
chewing
plays
significant
role
in
etiology
of
OSMF
.
The
nut
alkaloids
have
been
shown
experimentally
to
result
in
stimulation
of
collagen
synthesis
by
fibroblasts
in
vitro
,
which
can
induce
precancerous
conditions
.
The
present
study
was
undertaken
to
detect
nitrate
and
nitrite
factor
in
saliva
of
cases
with
oral
carcinoma
,
OSMF
and
normal
individuals
without
any
habits
and
to
determine
whether
increased
salivary
nitrate
and
nitrite
level
is
significant
in
oral
carcinoma
and
submucous
fibrosis
using
biochemical
parameters
.
We
conclude
that
the
major
inducer
of
oral
squamous
cell
carcinoma
(
OSCC
)
is
exposure
to
tobacco
.
Recent
studies
have
demonstrated
that
oxidative
and
nitrosative
stress
contributes
to
the
development
of
oral
carcinogenesis
through
deoxyribonucleic
acid
(
DNA
)
damage
.
Salivary
composition
of
OSCC
patients
is
substantially
altered
with
respect
to
free
radical-involved
mechanisms
.