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Association between mitochondrial C-tract alteration and tobacco exposure in oral precancer cases.
[oral submucous fibrosis]
Tobacco
exposure
is
a
known
risk
factor
for
oral
cancer
.
India
is
home
to
oral
cancer
epidemic
chiefly
due
to
the
prevalent
use
of
both
smoke
and
smokeless
tobacco
.
To
reduce
the
related
morbidity
early
detection
is
required
.
The
key
to
this
is
detailing
molecular
events
during
early
precancer
stage
.
Mitochondrion
is
an
important
cellular
organelle
involved
in
cell
metabolism
and
apoptosis
.
Mitochondrial
dysfunction
is
thought
to
be
the
key
event
in
oncogenesis
.
Last
decade
has
seen
a
spurt
of
reports
implicating
mitochondrial
mutations
in
oral
carcinogenesis
.
However
,
there
are
few
reports
that
study
mitochondrial
deoxyribonucleic
acid
(
mtDNA
)
changes
in
oral
precancer
.
This
study
aims
to
understand
and
link
effect
of
tobacco
exposure
on
mtDNA
in
oral
precancer
cases
.
A
total
of
100
oral
precancer
cases
of
which
50
oral
leukoplakia
and
50
oral
submucous
fibrosis
were
recruited
in
the
study
and
a
detailed
questionnaire
were
filled
about
the
tobacco
habits
.
Their
tissue
and
blood
samples
were
collected
.
Total
genomic
DNA
was
isolated
from
both
sources
.
Mitochondrial
C-
tract
was
amplified
and
bidirectional
sequencing
was
carried
out
.
Mutations
were
scored
over
matched
blood
DNA
.
There
was
a
significant
association
between
the
presence
of
mitochondrial
C-
tract
alteration
and
duration
of
tobacco
exposure
.
The
probability
increased
with
increasing
duration
of
tobacco
consumption
.
The
risk
of
having
this
alteration
was
more
in
chewers
than
in
smokers
.
Tobacco
in
both
form
,
chewable
and
smoke
,
is
oncogenic
and
causes
early
changes
in
mitochondrial
genome
and
chances
increases
with
increasing
duration
of
tobacco
consumption
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"cancer"
symptom
achondroplasia
acute rheumatic fever
adrenal incidentaloma
alpha-thalassemia
benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis
cadasil
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
cholangiocarcinoma
coats disease
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
cowden syndrome
cushing syndrome
cutaneous mastocytosis
dedifferentiated liposarcoma
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
erdheim-chester disease
erythropoietic protoporphyria
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
familial mediterranean fever
gm1 gangliosidosis
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
hirschsprung disease
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
inclusion body myositis
junctional epidermolysis bullosa
kabuki syndrome
kallmann syndrome
kindler syndrome
lamellar ichthyosis
liposarcoma
locked-in syndrome
lymphangioleiomyomatosis
monosomy 21
neuralgic amyotrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
oligodontia
oral submucous fibrosis
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
pendred syndrome
pleomorphic liposarcoma
primary effusion lymphoma
proteus syndrome
pyomyositis
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
systemic capillary leak syndrome
triple a syndrome
von hippel-lindau disease
waldenström macroglobulinemia
well-differentiated liposarcoma
werner syndrome
wiskott-aldrich syndrome
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
This symptom has already been validated