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Quantitative analysis of serum levels of trace elements in patients with oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A randomized cross-sectional study.
[oral submucous fibrosis]
Metabolic
disorders
,
oral
precancerous
conditions
and
oral
cancer
are
accompanied
by
alterations
in
the
concentration
of
one
or
more
trace
elements
like
copper
,
iron
,
zinc
,
magnesium
etc
.
,
in
some
body
fluids
,
especially
blood
serum
or
plasma
,
which
can
help
not
only
in
the
early
diagnosis
and
treatment
but
also
in
prognosis
.
The
objective
of
the
study
is
to
evaluate
the
levels
of
circulating
trace
elements
(
copper
,
iron
,
magnesium
,
zinc
and
calcium
)
in
serum
of
patients
with
Oral
Submucous
Fibrosis
(
OSF
)
and
Oral
Squamous
Cell
Carcinoma
(
OSCC
)
,
to
analyze
the
alteration
and
identify
the
best
predictors
amongst
these
parameters
for
disease
occurrence
and
progression
and
their
association
with
areca
nut
and
betel
quid
chewing
habits
.
Serum
levels
of
trace
elements
(
copper
,
iron
,
magnesium
,
zinc
and
calcium
)
were
estimated
using
electronic
absorption
colorimetric
method
.
These
levels
were
compared
with
controls
and
statistically
evaluated
using
ANOVA
and
POST-HOC
TUKEY
tests
.
The
data
analysis
revealed
that
serum
copper
levels
increased
gradually
from
precancer
to
cancer
,
as
the
duration
of
betel
quid
chewing
habit
increased
.
However
,
serum
iron
,
magnesium
,
zinc
levels
were
decreased
significantly
in
both
the
groups
.
Serum
calcium
levels
were
increased
in
the
cancer
group
owing
to
bone
resorption
in
the
later
stages
of
the
disease
,
whereas
it
was
close
to
normal
in
OSF
patients
.
Among
all
the
trace
elements
,
the
best
predictor
for
occurrence
of
both
the
lesions
was
copper
.
The
present
study
shows
that
the
above
trace
elements
may
be
associated
with
the
pathogenesis
and
progression
of
OSF
and
OSCC
.
Betel
quid
and
areca
nut
chewing
habits
are
frequently
associated
with
both
disease
states
and
may
play
a
role
in
altering
the
serum
levels
of
these
trace
elements
.
Concerted
efforts
would
,
therefore
,
help
in
early
detection
,
management
and
monitoring
the
efficacy
of
treatment
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"early detection"
symptom
22q11.2 deletion syndrome
acute rheumatic fever
adrenomyeloneuropathy
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
carcinoma of the gallbladder
child syndrome
cholangiocarcinoma
classical phenylketonuria
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
cowden syndrome
cystinuria
erythropoietic protoporphyria
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
fabry disease
homocystinuria without methylmalonic aciduria
inclusion body myositis
kallmann syndrome
krabbe disease
oral submucous fibrosis
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
phenylketonuria
pyomyositis
von hippel-lindau disease
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