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Quantitative analysis of serum levels of trace elements in patients with oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A randomized cross-sectional study.
[oral submucous fibrosis]
Metabolic
disorders
,
oral
precancerous
conditions
and
oral
cancer
are
accompanied
by
alterations
in
the
concentration
of
one
or
more
trace
elements
like
copper
,
iron
,
zinc
,
magnesium
etc
.
,
in
some
body
fluids
,
especially
blood
serum
or
plasma
,
which
can
help
not
only
in
the
early
diagnosis
and
treatment
but
also
in
prognosis
.
The
objective
of
the
study
is
to
evaluate
the
levels
of
circulating
trace
elements
(
copper
,
iron
,
magnesium
,
zinc
and
calcium
)
in
serum
of
patients
with
Oral
Submucous
Fibrosis
(
OSF
)
and
Oral
Squamous
Cell
Carcinoma
(
OSCC
)
,
to
analyze
the
alteration
and
identify
the
best
predictors
amongst
these
parameters
for
disease
occurrence
and
progression
and
their
association
with
areca
nut
and
betel
quid
chewing
habits
.
Serum
levels
of
trace
elements
(
copper
,
iron
,
magnesium
,
zinc
and
calcium
)
were
estimated
using
electronic
absorption
colorimetric
method
.
These
levels
were
compared
with
controls
and
statistically
evaluated
using
ANOVA
and
POST-HOC
TUKEY
tests
.
The
data
analysis
revealed
that
serum
copper
levels
increased
gradually
from
precancer
to
cancer
,
as
the
duration
of
betel
quid
chewing
habit
increased
.
However
,
serum
iron
,
magnesium
,
zinc
levels
were
decreased
significantly
in
both
the
groups
.
Serum
calcium
levels
were
increased
in
the
cancer
group
owing
to
bone
resorption
in
the
later
stages
of
the
disease
,
whereas
it
was
close
to
normal
in
OSF
patients
.
Among
all
the
trace
elements
,
the
best
predictor
for
occurrence
of
both
the
lesions
was
copper
.
The
present
study
shows
that
the
above
trace
elements
may
be
associated
with
the
pathogenesis
and
progression
of
OSF
and
OSCC
.
Betel
quid
and
areca
nut
chewing
habits
are
frequently
associated
with
both
disease
states
and
may
play
a
role
in
altering
the
serum
levels
of
these
trace
elements
.
Concerted
efforts
would
,
therefore
,
help
in
early
detection
,
management
and
monitoring
the
efficacy
of
treatment
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"treatment but also in prognosis"
symptom
oral submucous fibrosis
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