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Effects of body-color mutations on vitality: an attempt to establish easy-to-breed see-through medaka strains by outcrossing.
[oculocutaneous albinism]
"
See-through
"
strains
of
medaka
are
unique
tools
for
experiments
:
their
skin
is
transparent
,
and
their
internal
organs
can
be
externally
monitored
throughout
life
.
However
,
see-through
fish
are
less
vital
than
normally
pigmented
wild-
type
fish
,
which
allows
only
skilled
researchers
to
make
the
most
of
their
advantages
.
Expecting
that
hybrid
vigor
(
heterosis
)
would
increase
the
vitality
,
we
outcrossed
two
see-through
strains
(
SK
(
2
)
and
STIII
)
with
a
genetically
distant
wild-
type
strain
(
HNI
)
.
Fish
with
the
see-through
phenotypes
were
successfully
restored
in
the
F
2
generation
and
maintained
as
closed
colonies
.
We
verified
that
genomes
of
these
hybrid
see-through
strains
actually
consisted
of
approximately
50
%
HNI
and
approximately
50
%
SK
(
2
)
or
STIII
alleles
,
but
we
could
not
obtain
evidence
supporting
improved
survival
of
larvae
or
fecundity
of
adults
,
at
least
under
our
breeding
conditions
.
We
also
found
that
four
of
the
five
see-through
mutations
(
b
(
g
8
)
,
i-
3
,
gu
,
and
il
-
1
but
not
lf
)
additively
decrease
viability
.
Given
that
heterosis
could
not
overwhelm
the
viability-reducing
effects
of
the
see-through
mutations
,
easy-
to
-breed
see-through
strains
will
only
be
established
by
other
methods
such
as
conditional
gene
targeting
or
screening
of
new
body-color
mutations
that
do
not
reduce
viability
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"normally pigmented wild-type fish"
symptom
oculocutaneous albinism
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