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Allergic Aspergillosis and the Antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus.
[allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]
Incidence
of
fungal
infections
has
increased
alarmingly
in
past
few
decades
.
Of
the
fungal
pathogens
,
the
Aspergillus
fumigatus
has
been
a
major
cause
of
allergic
bronchopulmonary
aspergillosis
(
ABPA
)
which
has
five
main
stages
-
the
acute
,
remission
,
exacerbation
,
glucocorticoid
dependent
and
fibrotic
stage
.
The
diagnosis
of
ABPA
remains
difficult
due
to
its
overlapping
clinical
and
radiological
features
with
tuberculosis
and
cystic
fibrosis
.
From
past
few
decades
,
the
crude
fractions
of
A
.
fumigatus
have
been
used
for
immunodiagnosis
of
ABPA
.
Most
of
the
detection
kits
based
on
crude
fractions
of
A
.
fumigatus
are
quite
sensitive
but
have
low
specificity
.
Till
date
21
known
and
25
predicted
allergens
of
A
.
fumigatus
have
been
identified
.
Of
these
allergens
,
only
five
recombinants
(
rAsp
f
1
-
f
4
and
f
6
)
are
commercially
used
for
diagnosis
of
allergic
aspergillosis
.
Remaining
allergens
of
A
.
fumigatus
have
been
restricted
for
use
in
specific
diagnosis
of
ABPA
,
due
to
sharing
of
common
antigenic
epitopes
with
other
allergens
.
Complete
sequencing
of
A
.
fumigatus
genome
identified
9926
genes
and
the
reports
on
the
proteome
of
A
.
fumigatus
have
shown
the
presence
of
large
number
of
their
corresponding
proteins
in
the
pathogen
.
The
analysis
of
immunoproteomes
developed
from
crude
fractions
of
A
.
fumigatus
by
IgG
/
IgE
reactivity
with
ABPA
patients
and
animal
sera
have
identified
the
panel
of
new
antigens
.
A
brief
description
on
the
current
status
of
A
.
fumigatus
antigens
is
provided
in
this
review
.
The
implementation
of
advance
recombinant
expression
and
peptidomic
approaches
on
the
A
.
fumigatus
antigens
may
help
in
the
selection
of
appropriate
molecules
for
the
development
of
tools
for
more
specific
early
diagnosis
of
ABPA
,
and
desensitization
therapies
for
patients
of
allergic
disorders
.
