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A free geometry model-independent neural eye-gaze tracking system.
[locked-in syndrome]
Eye
Gaze
Tracking
Systems
(
EGTSs
)
estimate
the
Point
Of
Gaze
(
POG
)
of
a
user
.
In
diagnostic
applications
EGTSs
are
used
to
study
oculomotor
characteristics
and
abnormalities
,
whereas
in
interactive
applications
EGTSs
are
proposed
as
input
devices
for
human
computer
interfaces
(
HCI
)
,
e
.
g
.
to
move
a
cursor
on
the
screen
when
mouse
control
is
not
possible
,
such
as
in
the
case
of
assistive
devices
for
people
suffering
from
locked-
in
syndrome
.
If
the
user
's
head
remains
still
and
the
cornea
rotates
around
its
fixed
centre
,
the
pupil
follows
the
eye
in
the
images
captured
from
one
or
more
cameras
,
whereas
the
outer
corneal
reflection
generated
by
an
IR
light
source
,
i
.
e
.
glint
,
can
be
assumed
as
a
fixed
reference
point
.
According
to
the
so
-called
pupil
centre
corneal
reflection
method
(
PCCR
)
,
the
POG
can
be
thus
estimated
from
the
pupil-glint
vector
.
A
new
model
-independent
EGTS
based
on
the
PCCR
is
proposed
.
The
mapping
function
based
on
artificial
neural
networks
allows
to
avoid
any
specific
model
assumption
and
approximation
either
for
the
user
's
eye
physiology
or
for
the
system
initial
setup
admitting
a
free
geometry
positioning
for
the
user
and
the
system
components
.
The
robustness
of
the
proposed
EGTS
is
proven
by
assessing
its
accuracy
when
tested
on
real
data
coming
from
:
i
)
different
healthy
users
;
ii
)
different
geometric
settings
of
the
camera
and
the
light
sources
;
iii
)
different
protocols
based
on
the
observation
of
points
on
a
calibration
grid
and
halfway
points
of
a
test
grid
.
The
achieved
accuracy
is
approximately
0
.
49
°
,
0
.
41
°
,
and
0
.
62
°
for
respectively
the
horizontal
,
vertical
and
radial
error
of
the
POG
.
T
he
results
prove
the
validity
of
the
proposed
approach
as
the
proposed
system
performs
better
than
EGTSs
designed
for
HCI
which
,
even
if
equipped
with
superior
hardware
,
show
accuracy
values
in
the
range
0
.
6
°
-
1
°
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"corneal reflection method"
symptom
locked-in syndrome
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