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Coma and disorders of consciousness: scientific advances and practical considerations for clinicians.
[locked-in syndrome]
Recently
,
neuroscientists
and
clinicians
have
seen
the
rapid
evolution
of
diagnoses
in
disorders
of
consciousness
.
The
unresponsive
wakefulness
syndrome-vegetative
state
,
the
minimally
conscious
state
plus
and
minus
,
and
the
functional
locked-
in
syndrome
have
been
defined
using
new
neuroimaging
techniques
.
Diffusion
tensor
imaging
,
positron
emission
tomography
,
functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging
,
electroencephalography
,
and
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
techniques
have
all
promoted
important
discoveries
in
the
field
of
disorders
of
consciousness
.
This
has
led
to
a
better
understanding
of
these
patients
'
condition
and
to
the
development
of
new
prognosis
,
therapeutic
,
and
communication
tools
.
However
,
low
sensitivity
and
artifacts
problems
need
to
be
solved
to
bring
these
new
technologies
to
the
single
-patient
level
;
they
also
need
to
be
studied
in
larger
scale
and
randomized
control
trials
.
In
addition
,
new
ethics
questions
have
arisen
and
need
to
be
investigated
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"functional magnetic resonance imaging"
symptom
22q11.2 deletion syndrome
locked-in syndrome
phenylketonuria
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