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Parainfectious meningo-encephalo-radiculo-myelitis (cat scratch disease, Lyme borreliosis, brucellosis, botulism, legionellosis, pertussis, mycoplasma).
[legionellosis]
Parainfectious
disorders
of
the
nervous
system
encompass
those
meningo-encephalo-radiculomyelitic
conditions
that
are
temporally
associated
with
a
systemic
infection
,
antigenic
stimuli
,
or
toxin
exposure
,
in
the
absence
of
evidence
of
direct
neuronal
infection
or
invasion
of
the
central
nervous
system
(
CNS
)
or
peripheral
nervous
system
(
PNS
)
.
Pathogenetic
mechanisms
can
be
due
to
immune-mediated
processes
(
such
as
bystander
activation
,
molecular
mimicy
)
or
the
inciting
insult
can
be
due
to
toxic
factors
,
as
in
the
case
of
botulism
.
A
myriad
of
clinical
manifestations
can
occur
including
headache
,
seizures
,
and
mental
status
changes
,
ranging
from
mood
and
behavioral
disturbances
to
varying
levels
of
alteration
in
consciousness
.
Focal
neurological
deficits
can
include
aphasia
,
hemiparesis
,
or
paraparesis
.
The
PNS
can
also
be
affected
leading
to
cranial
nerve
involvement
,
focal
or
multifocal
neuropathies
,
and
dysfunction
of
the
autonomic
nervous
system
.
Diagnosis
is
based
not
only
on
the
history
,
examination
,
laboratory
,
and
neuroimaging
data
but
also
on
epidemiological
factors
.
The
parainfectious
disorders
covered
in
this
review
are
cat
scratch
disease
,
Lyme
borreliosis
,
legionellosis
,
brucellosis
,
botulism
,
pertussis
,
and
mycoplasma
.
Each
is
associated
with
a
distinct
organism
,
has
both
systemic
and
neurological
manifestations
,
and
has
a
different
epidemiological
profile
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"ranging from mood and behavioral disturbances to varying levels of alteration in consciousness"
symptom
legionellosis
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