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Presence of Legionella and free-living Amoebae in composts and bioaerosols from composting facilities.
[legionellosis]
Several
species
of
Legionella
cause
Legionnaires
'
disease
(
LD
)
.
Infection
may
occur
through
inhalation
of
Legionella
or
amoebal
vesicles
.
The
reservoirs
of
Legionella
are
water
,
soil
,
potting
soil
and
compost
.
Some
species
of
free-living
amoebae
(
FLA
)
that
are
naturally
present
in
water
and
soil
were
described
as
hosts
for
Legionella
.
This
study
aimed
to
understand
whether
or
not
the
composting
facilities
could
be
sources
of
community-acquired
Legionella
infections
after
development
of
bioaerosols
containing
Legionella
or
FLA
.
We
looked
for
the
presence
of
Legionella
(
by
co
-culture
)
and
FLA
(
by
culture
)
in
composts
and
bioaerosols
collected
at
four
composting
facilities
located
in
southern
Switzerland
.
We
investigated
the
association
between
the
presence
of
Legionella
and
compost
and
air
parameters
and
presence
of
FLA
.
Legionella
spp
.
(
including
L
.
pneumophila
)
were
detected
in
69
.
3
%
(
61
/
88
)
of
the
composts
and
FLA
(
mainly
Acanthamoeba
,
Vermamoeba
,
Naegleria
and
Stenamoeba
)
in
92
.
0
%
(
81
/
88
)
.
L
.
pneumophila
and
L
.
bozemanii
were
most
frequently
isolated
.
FLA
as
potential
host
for
Legionella
spp
.
were
isolated
from
40
.
9
%
(
36
/
88
)
of
the
composts
in
all
facilities
.
In
Legionella-
positive
samples
the
temperature
of
compost
was
significantly
lower
(
P
=
0
.
012
)
than
in
Legionella-negative
samples
.
Of
47
bioaerosol
samples
,
19
.
1
%
(
9
/
47
)
were
positive
for
FLA
and
10
.
6
%
(
5
/
47
)
for
L
.
pneumophila
.
Composts
(
62
.
8
%
)
were
positive
for
Legionella
and
FLA
contemporaneously
,
but
both
microorganisms
were
never
detected
simultaneously
in
bioaerosols
.
Compost
can
release
bioaerosol
containing
FLA
or
Legionella
and
could
represent
a
source
of
infection
of
community-acquired
Legionella
infections
for
workers
and
nearby
residents
.