Cytotoxic glucosyltransferases of Legionella pneumophila.

[legionellosis]

Legionella is a gram-negative bacterium and the causative pathogen of legionellosis -a severe pneumonia in humans . A large number of Legionella effectors interfere with numerous host cell functions , including intracellular vacuole trafficking and maturation , phospholipid metabolism , protein ubiquitination , pro-/anti-apoptotic balances or inflammatory responses . Moreover , eukaryotic protein synthesis is affected by L . pneumophila glucosyltransferases Lgt 1 , Lgt 2 , and Lgt 3 . Structurally , these enzymes are similar to large clostridial cytotoxins , use UDP-glucose as a co -substrate and modify a conserved serine residue (Ser-53 ) in elongation factor 1 A (eEF 1 A ). The ternary complex consisting of eEF 1 A , GTP , and aminoacylated-t RNA seems to be the substrate for Lgts . Studies with Saccharomyces cerevisiae corroborated that eEF 1 A is the major target responsible for Lgt-induced cytotoxic activity . In addition to Lgt proteins , Legionella produces other effector glycosyltransferase , including the modularly composed protein SetA , which displays tropism for early endosomal compartments , subverts host cell vesicle trafficking and demonstrates toxic activities toward yeast and mammalian cells . Here , our current knowledge about both groups of L . pneumophila glycosylating effectors is reviewed .

Diseases
Validation

Diseases presenting "large number" symptom

acute rheumatic fever

adrenal incidentaloma

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

canavan disease

coats disease

cowden syndrome

dedifferentiated liposarcoma

dracunculiasis

epidermolysis bullosa simplex

fabry disease

familial mediterranean fever

gm1 gangliosidosis

heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis

hirschsprung disease

kindler syndrome

legionellosis

malignant atrophic papulosis

neuralgic amyotrophy

phenylketonuria

pleomorphic liposarcoma

primary effusion lymphoma

scrub typhus

severe combined immunodeficiency

triple a syndrome

waldenström macroglobulinemia

well-differentiated liposarcoma

wiskott-aldrich syndrome

wolf-hirschhorn syndrome

x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy

zellweger syndrome

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