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Urine antigen tests for the diagnosis of respiratory infections: legionellosis, histoplasmosis, pneumococcal pneumonia.
[legionellosis]
Urinary
antigen
testing
has
grown
in
popularity
for
several
significant
respiratory
infections
,
particularly
Legionella
pneumophila
,
Streptococcus
pneumoniae
,
and
Histoplasma
capsulatum
.
By
capitalizing
on
the
concentration
of
shed
antigen
from
a
variety
of
pathogens
in
the
kidneys
for
excretion
in
the
urine
,
urinary
antigen
testing
can
be
used
to
obtain
rapid
test
results
related
to
respiratory
infection
,
independent
of
an
invasive
collection
such
as
a
bronchoalveolar
lavage
.
This
article
describes
the
3
aforementioned
organisms
,
their
role
in
respiratory
disease
,
and
the
current
status
of
urinary
antigen
testing
in
their
respective
diagnosis
.