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Your garden hose: a potential health risk due to Legionella spp. growth facilitated by free-living amoebae.
[legionellosis]
Common
garden
hoses
may
generate
aerosols
of
inhalable
size
(
≤
10
μm
)
during
use
.
If
humans
inhale
aerosols
containing
Legionella
bacteria
,
Legionnaires
'
disease
or
Pontiac
fever
may
result
.
Clinical
cases
of
these
illnesses
have
been
linked
to
garden
hose
use
.
The
hose
environment
is
ideal
for
the
growth
and
interaction
of
Legionella
and
free-living
amoebae
(
FLA
)
due
to
biofilm
formation
,
elevated
temperatures
,
and
stagnation
of
water
.
However
,
the
microbial
densities
and
hose
conditions
necessary
to
quantify
the
human
health
risks
have
not
been
reported
.
Here
we
present
data
on
FLA
and
Legionella
spp
.
detected
in
water
and
biofilm
from
two
types
of
garden
hoses
over
18
months
.
By
culturing
and
qPCR
,
two
genera
of
FLA
were
introduced
via
the
drinking
water
supply
and
reached
mean
densities
of
2
.
5
log
10
amoebae
·
mL
(
-
1
)
in
garden
hose
water
.
Legionella
spp
.
densities
(
likely
including
pathogenic
L
.
pneumophila
)
were
significantly
higher
in
one
type
of
hose
(
3
.
8
log
10
cells
·
mL
(
-
1
)
,
p
<
0
.
0001
)
.
A
positive
correlation
existed
between
Vermamoebae
vermiformis
densities
and
Legionella
spp
.
densities
(
r
=
0
.
83
,
p
<
0
.
028
)
.
The
densities
of
Legionella
spp
.
identified
in
the
hoses
were
similar
to
those
reported
during
legionellosis
outbreaks
in
other
situations
.
Therefore
,
we
conclude
that
there
is
a
health
risk
to
susceptible
users
from
the
inhalation
of
garden
hose
aerosols
.
