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Extracellular matrix protein anosmin promotes neural crest formation and regulates FGF, BMP, and WNT activities.
[kallmann syndrome]
Neural
crest
cells
are
a
transient
stem
cell-like
population
appearing
during
vertebrate
embryonic
development
.
Generation
of
the
cranial
neural
crest
is
known
to
require
a
balanced
combination
of
FGF
and
BMP
levels
.
However
,
it
is
poorly
understood
how
the
functions
of
such
growth
factors
are
controlled
in
the
extracellular
space
.
Anosmin
is
an
extracellular
matrix
protein
implicated
in
FGF
signaling
and
mutated
in
Kallmann
syndrome
.
Here
,
we
demonstrate
that
anosmin
is
synthesized
locally
in
the
cranial
neural
crest
of
chicken
embryos
and
is
essential
for
cranial
neural
crest
formation
.
Anosmin
upregulates
FGF
8
and
BMP
5
gene
expression
;
it
also
enhances
FGF
8
activity
while
inhibiting
BMP
5
and
WNT
3
a
signaling
.
Taken
together
,
our
data
establish
that
the
matrix
protein
anosmin
is
required
for
cranial
neural
crest
formation
,
with
functional
modulation
of
FGF
,
BMP
,
and
WNT
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"growth factors"
symptom
achondroplasia
alexander disease
aromatase deficiency
cholangiocarcinoma
dentin dysplasia
dentinogenesis imperfecta
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
kallmann syndrome
oligodontia
oral submucous fibrosis
primary effusion lymphoma
scrub typhus
severe combined immunodeficiency
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