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Contribution of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor to regulation of intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.
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Inflammatory
bowel
disease
(
IBD
)
affects
approximately
4
million
people
worldwide
and
can
be
caused
by
dysregulated
mucosal
immune
responses
to
the
intestinal
commensal
microflora
.
Immunoglobulin
A
(
IgA
)
is
considered
to
be
the
principal
antibody
in
intestinal
secretions
and
functions
to
prevent
commensals
and
pathogenic
organisms
from
gaining
access
to
epithelial
cell
surfaces
.
Immunoglobulin
A
deficiency
in
humans
has
been
associated
with
celiac
disease
and
ulcerative
colitis
.
However
,
the
precise
role
of
IgA
in
the
pathogenesis
of
these
disorders
is
yet
to
be
fully
understood
.
Mice
with
a
targeted
disruption
in
IgA
production
(
IgA
(
-
/
-
)
mice
)
and
polymeric
immunoglobulin
receptor
(
pIgR
(
-
/
-
)
mice
)
were
analyzed
for
the
contribution
of
secretory
immunity
in
the
pathogenesis
of
dextran
sulfate
sodium
(
2
.
5
%
)
-
induced
colitis
.
It
was
found
that
dextran
sulfate
sodium-treated
pIgR
(
-
/
-
)
mice
displayed
greater
loss
of
bodyweight
and
had
severe
clinical
illness
compared
to
similarly
treated
IgA
(
-
/
-
)
mice
and
wild-
type
animals
.
Additionally
,
colonic
tissues
from
the
pIgR
(
-
/
-
)
mice
exhibited
progressively
and
significantly
greater
degrees
of
mucosal
edema
,
ulceration
,
crypt
abscesses
and
macrophage
infiltration
when
compared
to
similarly
treated
IgA
(
-
/
-
)
mice
and
wild-
type
animals
.
The
results
indicate
that
secretory
immunoglobulins
contribute
to
protection
of
the
colonic
mucosa
against
dextran
sulfate
sodium-induced
epithelial
injury
,
although
the
isotype
of
the
secretory
immunoglobulin
(
IgA
or
IgM
)
may
not
be
a
decisive
factor
in
such
protection
.
Collectively
,
the
pIgR
and
/
or
the
secretory
component
are
important
for
the
maintenance
of
epithelial
integrity
and
mucosal
homeostasis
in
the
colonic
epithelium
.
