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Genetic basis of dental agenesis--molecular genetics patterning clinical dentistry.
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Tooth
agenesis
is
one
of
the
most
common
congenital
malformations
in
humans
.
Hypodontia
can
either
occur
as
an
isolated
condition
(
non-syndromic
hypodontia
)
or
can
be
associated
with
a
syndrome
(
syndromic
hypodontia
)
,
highlighting
the
heterogeneity
of
the
condition
.
Though
much
progress
has
been
made
to
identify
the
developmental
basis
of
tooth
formation
,
knowledge
of
the
etiological
basis
of
inherited
tooth
loss
is
still
lacking
.
To
date
,
the
mutation
spectra
of
non-syndromic
form
of
familial
and
sporadic
tooth
agenesis
in
humans
have
revealed
defects
in
various
such
genes
that
encode
transcription
factors
,
MSX
1
and
PAX
9
or
genes
that
code
for
a
protein
involved
in
canonical
Wnt
signaling
(
AXIN
2
)
,
and
a
transmembrane
receptor
of
fibroblast
growth
factors
(
FGFR
1
)
.
The
aim
of
this
paper
is
to
review
the
current
literature
on
the
molecular
mechanisms
responsible
for
selective
hypodontia
in
humans
and
to
present
a
detailed
overview
of
causative
genes
and
syndromes
associated
with
hypodontia
.
