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General solutions to poroviscoelastic model of hydrocephalic human brain tissue.
[hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius]
Hydrocephalus
is
a
well-known
disorder
of
brain
fluidic
system
.
It
is
commonly
associated
with
complexities
in
cerebrospinal
fluid
(
CSF
)
circulation
in
brain
.
In
this
paper
,
hydrocephalus
and
shunting
surgery
which
is
used
in
its
treatment
are
modeled
.
Brain
tissues
are
considered
to
follow
a
poroviscoelastic
constitutive
model
in
order
to
address
the
effects
of
time
dependence
of
mechanical
properties
of
soft
tissues
and
fluid
flow
hydraulics
.
Our
solution
draws
from
Biot
's
theory
of
poroelasticity
,
generalized
to
account
for
viscoelastic
effects
through
the
correspondence
principle
.
Geometrically
,
the
brain
is
conceived
to
be
spherically
symmetric
,
where
the
ventricles
are
assumed
to
be
a
hollow
concentric
space
filled
with
cerebrospinal
fluid
.
A
generalized
Kelvin
model
is
considered
for
the
rheological
properties
of
brain
tissues
.
The
solution
presented
is
useful
in
the
analysis
of
the
disorder
of
hydrocephalus
as
well
as
the
treatment
associated
with
it
,
namely
,
ventriclostomy
surgery
.
The
sensitivity
of
the
solution
to
various
factors
such
as
aqueduct
blockage
level
and
trabeculae
stiffness
is
thoroughly
analyzed
using
numerical
examples
.
Results
indicate
that
partial
aqueduct
stenosis
may
be
a
cause
of
hydrocephalus
.
However
,
only
severe
occlusion
of
the
aqueduct
can
cause
a
significant
increase
in
the
ventricle
and
brain
's
extracellular
fluid
pressure
.
Ventriculostomy
shunts
are
commonly
used
as
a
remedy
to
hydrocephalus
.
They
serve
to
reduce
the
ventricular
pressure
to
the
normal
level
.
However
,
sensitivity
analysis
on
the
shunt
's
fluid
deliverability
parameter
has
shown
that
inappropriate
design
or
selection
of
design
shunt
may
cause
under-drainage
or
over-drainage
of
the
ventricles
.
Excessive
drainage
of
CSF
may
increase
the
normal
tensile
stress
on
trabeculae
.
It
can
cause
rupture
of
superior
cerebral
veins
or
damage
to
trabeculae
or
even
brain
tissues
which
in
turn
may
lead
to
subdural
hematoma
,
a
common
side-effect
of
the
surgery
.
These
Post-
Surgery
Reaction
(
PSR
)
patterns
might
occur
on
much
larger
time
scales
than
those
of
the
surgery
itself
,
depending
on
the
flow
conductivity
parameters
of
the
brain
.
The
viscoelastic
effects
can
be
significant
contingent
on
the
long
term
tissue
moduli
and
their
contrast
with
the
initial
ones
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"excessive drainage"
symptom
hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius
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