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Masses and malformations of the third ventricle: normal anatomic relationships and differential diagnoses.
[hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius]
The
third
ventricle
lies
in
the
center
of
the
brain
.
It
is
surrounded
by
critical
nuclear
structures
(
the
hypothalamus
and
thalami
)
and
important
glandular
structures
(
the
pituitary
and
pineal
glands
)
.
Although
a
wide
array
of
pathologic
processes
may
involve
the
third
ventricle
,
most
are
extrinsic
masses
.
By
understanding
the
anatomic
boundaries
of
the
third
ventricle
and
its
relationship
to
adjacent
structures
,
it
is
possible
to
create
short
lists
of
differential
diagnoses
.
Third
ventricle
masses
can
be
classified
as
arising
in
or
immediately
adjacent
to
one
of
five
locations
:
anterior
,
posterior
,
inferior
,
foramen
of
Monro
,
and
intraventricular
.
Anterior
masses
involve
the
optic
and
infundibular
recesses
,
posterior
masses
affect
or
arise
in
the
posterior
commissure
and
pineal
gland
,
and
inferior
masses
involve
or
affect
the
ventricle
floor
.
Masses
may
also
arise
at
or
adjacent
to
the
foramen
of
Monro
or
entirely
within
the
third
ventricle
.
Of
the
intraventricular
masses
,
chordoid
glioma
-a
rare
low
-grade
primary
neoplasm
-
is
unique
to
the
third
ventricle
.
Congenital
malformations
of
the
third
ventricle
are
uncommon
and
are
most
often
noted
during
childhood
.
Most
commonly
,
these
anomalies
represent
malformations
of
the
neurohypophysis
,
which
may
manifest
as
hormonal
abnormalities
,
or
stenosis
of
the
aqueduct
of
Sylvius
,
which
manifests
as
dilatation
of
the
third
and
lateral
ventricles
(
hydrocephalus
)
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"critical nuclear structures"
symptom
hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius
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