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Long-term hydrocephalus alters the cytoarchitecture of the adult subventricular zone.
[hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius]
Hydrocephalus
can
develop
secondarily
to
a
disturbance
in
production
,
flow
and
/
or
absorption
of
cerebrospinal
fluid
.
Experimental
models
of
hydrocephalus
,
especially
subacute
and
chronic
hydrocephalus
,
are
few
and
limited
,
and
the
effects
of
hydrocephalus
on
the
subventricular
zone
are
unclear
.
The
aim
of
this
study
was
to
analyze
the
effects
of
long
-term
obstructive
hydrocephalus
on
the
subventricular
zone
,
which
is
the
neurogenic
niche
lining
the
lateral
ventricles
.
We
developed
a
new
method
to
induce
hydrocephalus
by
obstructing
the
aqueduct
of
Sylvius
in
the
mouse
brain
,
thus
simulating
aqueductal
stenosis
in
humans
.
In
120
-
day
-old
rodents
(
n
=
18
per
group
)
,
the
degree
of
ventricular
dilatation
and
cellular
composition
of
the
subventricular
zone
were
studied
by
immunofluorescence
and
transmission
electron
microscopy
.
In
adult
patients
(
age
>
18
years
)
,
the
sizes
of
the
subventricular
zone
,
corpus
callosum
,
and
internal
capsule
were
analyzed
by
magnetic
resonance
images
obtained
from
patients
with
and
without
aqueductal
stenosis
(
n
=
25
per
group
)
.
Mice
with
60
-
day
hydrocephalus
had
a
reduced
number
of
Ki
67
+
and
doublecortin
+
cells
on
immunofluorescence
,
as
well
as
decreased
number
of
neural
progenitors
and
neuroblasts
in
the
subventricular
zone
on
electron
microscopy
analysis
as
compared
to
non-hydrocephalic
mice
.
Remarkably
,
a
number
of
extracellular
matrix
structures
(
fractones
)
contacting
the
ventricular
lumen
and
blood
vessels
were
also
observed
around
the
subventricular
zone
in
mice
with
hydrocephalus
.
In
humans
,
the
widths
of
the
subventricular
zone
,
corpus
callosum
,
and
internal
capsule
in
patients
with
aqueductal
stenosis
were
significantly
smaller
than
age
and
gender-matched
patients
without
aqueductal
stenosis
.
In
summary
,
supratentorial
hydrocephalus
reduces
the
proliferation
rate
of
neural
progenitors
and
modifies
the
cytoarchitecture
and
extracellular
matrix
compounds
of
the
subventricular
zone
.
In
humans
,
this
similar
process
reduces
the
subventricular
niche
as
well
as
the
width
of
corpus
callosum
and
internal
capsule
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"ventricular dilatation"
symptom
achondroplasia
hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius
monosomy 21
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
This symptom has already been validated