Therapeutic potential of targeting glutamate receptors in Parkinson's disease.

[hodgkin lymphoma, classical]

Glutamate plays a complex role in many aspects of Parkinson 's disease including the loss of dopaminergic neurons , the classical motor symptoms as well as associated non-motor symptoms and the treatment-related side effect , L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia . This widespread involvement opens up possibilities for glutamate-based therapies to provide a more rounded approach to treatment than is afforded by current dopamine replacement therapies . Beneficial effects of blocking postsynaptic glutamate transmission have already been noted in a range of preclinical studies using antagonists of NMDA receptors or negative allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu 5 ), while positive allosteric modulators of mGlu 4 in particular , although at an earlier stage of investigation , also look promising . This review addresses each of the key features of Parkinson 's disease in turn , summarising the contribution glutamate makes to that feature and presenting an up-to -date account of the potential for drugs acting at ionotropic or metabotropic glutamate receptors to provide relief . Whilst only a handful of these have progressed to clinical trials to date , notably NMDA and NR 2 B antagonists against motor symptoms and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia , with mGlu 5 negative allosteric modulators also against L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia , the mainly positive outcomes of these trials , coupled with supportive preclinical data for other strategies in animal models of Parkinson 's disease and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia , raise cautious optimism that a glutamate-based therapeutic approach will have significant impact on the treatment of Parkinson 's disease .

Diseases
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Diseases presenting "motor symptoms" symptom

hodgkin lymphoma, classical

neuralgic amyotrophy

x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy

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