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Evaluation of Tiletamine-Zolazepam as an Anesthetic in Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).
[focal myositis]
The
objective
of
the
present
study
was
to
evaluate
the
effects
of
tiletamine-zolazepam
(
TZ
)
administered
alone
or
in
combination
with
atropine
,
xylazine
,
and
levomepromazine
to
quail
(
Coturnix
coturnix
japonica
)
.
The
induction
time
,
duration
of
hypnosis
and
anesthesia
,
and
time
to
recovery
were
determined
.
The
presence
or
absence
of
tremor
,
upper
respiratory
tract
secretions
,
and
excitability
and
the
degree
of
muscular
tone
were
also
observed
.
The
results
showed
that
doses
from
10
to
100
mg
/
kg
TZ
administered
alone
or
in
combination
with
xylazine
or
levomepromazine
failed
to
produce
anesthesia
;
only
hypnosis
was
obtained
in
a
dose-dependent
manner
.
Immediately
after
injection
of
the
drug
,
histopathologic
examination
of
the
site
of
drug
injection
indicated
the
presence
of
discrete
acute
focal
myositis
.
After
21
days
,
a
discrete
fibrosis
between
muscle
fibers
was
detected
in
the
pectoral
muscle
as
a
sign
of
scarring
.
We
conclude
that
the
administration
of
TZ
to
a
dose
of
100
mg
/
kg
does
not
produce
anesthesia
in
quail
.
For
noninvasive
and
minimally
painful
procedures
requiring
chemical
restraint
and
recumbency
,
the
recommended
dose
is
30
mg
/
kg
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"muscle fibers"
symptom
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
focal myositis
inclusion body myositis
pyomyositis
systemic capillary leak syndrome
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