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Bilateral increase in expression and concentration of tachykinin in a unilateral rabbit muscle overuse model that leads to myositis.
[focal myositis]
Tachykinins
can
have
pro-
inflammatory
as
well
as
healing
effects
during
tissue
reorganization
and
inflammation
.
Recent
studies
report
an
up-regulation
in
the
expression
of
the
substance
P
(
SP
)
-
preferred
receptor
,
the
neurokinin-
1
receptor
,
in
marked
muscle
inflammation
(
myositis
)
.
There
is
,
however
,
only
very
little
information
on
the
expression
patterns
and
levels
of
tachykinins
in
this
situation
.
The
tachykinin
system
was
analyzed
using
a
rabbit
experimental
model
of
muscle
overuse
,
whereby
unilateral
muscle
exercise
in
combination
with
electrical
stimulation
led
to
muscle
derangement
and
myositis
in
the
triceps
surae
muscle
(
experimental
length
1
-
6
weeks
)
.
Evaluations
were
made
for
both
parts
of
the
muscle
(
soleus
and
gastrocnemius
muscles
)
in
experimental
and
non-experimental
(
contralateral
)
sides
.
Morphologic
evaluation
,
immunohistochemistry
,
in
situ
hybridization
and
enzyme
immunoassay
(
EIA
)
analyses
were
applied
.
Myositis
and
muscle
derangement
occurred
focally
not
only
in
the
experimental
side
but
also
in
the
non-experimental
side
.
In
the
inflammatory
areas
(
focal
myositis
areas
)
,
there
were
frequent
nerve
fibers
showing
tachykinin-like
immunoreactivity
and
which
were
parts
of
nerve
fascicles
and
which
were
freely
dispersed
in
the
tissue
.
Cells
in
the
inflammatory
infiltrates
showed
tachykinin-like
immunoreactivity
and
tachykinin
mRNA
expression
.
Specific
immunoreactivity
and
mRNA
expression
were
noted
in
blood
vessel
walls
of
both
sides
,
especially
in
focally
affected
areas
.
With
increasing
experimental
length
,
we
observed
an
increase
in
the
degree
of
immunoreactivity
in
the
vessel
walls
.
The
EIA
analyses
showed
that
the
concentration
of
tachykinin
in
the
tissue
on
both
sides
increased
in
a
time-dependent
manner
.
There
was
a
statistical
correlation
in
the
concentration
of
tachykinin
and
the
level
of
tachykinin
immunoreactivity
in
the
blood
vessel
walls
between
experimental
and
non-experimental
sides
.
T
he
observations
show
an
up-regulation
of
the
tachykinin
system
bilaterally
during
muscle
derangement
/
myositis
in
response
to
pronounced
unilateral
muscle
overuse
.
This
up-regulation
occurred
in
inflammatory
areas
and
was
related
not
only
to
increased
tachykinin
innervation
but
also
to
tachykinin
expression
in
blood
vessel
walls
and
inflammatory
cells
.
Importantly
,
the
tachykinin
system
appears
to
be
an
important
factor
not
only
ipsilaterally
but
also
contralaterally
in
these
processes
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"muscle inflammation"
symptom
focal myositis
inclusion body myositis
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