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Consanguinity and genetic diseases in North Africa and immigrants to Europe.
[familial mediterranean fever]
Endemic
diseases
are
caused
by
environmental
and
genetic
factors
.
While
in
this
special
issue
several
chapters
deal
with
environmental
factors
,
including
infections
,
the
present
focus
is
on
genetic
causes
of
disease
clustering
due
to
inbreeding
and
recessive
disease
mechanisms
.
Consanguinity
is
implying
sharing
of
genetic
heritage
because
of
marriage
between
close
relatives
originating
from
a
common
ancestor
.
With
limited
natural
selection
,
recessive
genes
may
become
more
frequent
in
an
inbred
compared
with
an
outbred
population
.
Consanguinity
is
common
in
North
Africa
(
NA
)
,
and
the
estimates
range
from
40
to
49
%
of
all
marriages
in
Tunisia
and
29
-
33
%
in
Morocco
.
As
a
consequence
,
recessive
disorders
are
common
in
the
NA
region
,
and
we
give
some
examples
.
Thalassaemia
and
sickle
cell
disease
/
anaemia
constitute
the
most
common
inherited
recessive
disorders
globally
and
they
are
common
in
NA
,
but
with
immigration
they
have
spread
to
Europe
and
to
other
parts
of
the
world
.
Another
example
is
familial
Mediterranean
fever
,
which
is
common
in
the
Eastern
Mediterranean
area
.
With
immigrantion
from
that
area
to
Sweden
,
it
has
become
the
most
common
hereditary
autoinflammatory
disease
in
that
country
,
and
there
is
no
evidence
that
any
native
Swede
would
have
been
diagnosed
with
this
disease
.
The
examples
discussed
in
this
chapter
show
that
the
historic
movement
of
populations
and
current
immigration
are
influencing
the
concept
of
'
endemic
'
disease
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"genetic factors"
symptom
familial mediterranean fever
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