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Protease-activated receptor (PAR)1, PAR2 and PAR4 expressions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
[esophageal carcinoma]
Here
,
we
used
reverse
transcription-
PCR
(
RT-PCR
)
and
western
blot
to
detect
protease-activated
receptor
(
PAR
)
1
,
PAR
2
and
PAR
4
expression
in
cancer
tissues
and
cell
lines
of
esophageal
squamous
cell
carcinoma
,
and
investigated
the
co
-relationship
between
PAR
expression
and
clinic-pathological
data
for
esophageal
cancer
.
The
methylation
of
PAR
4
gene
promoter
involved
in
esophageal
carcinoma
was
also
analyzed
.
By
comparing
the
mRNA
expressions
of
normal
esophageal
tissue
and
human
esophageal
epithelial
cells
(
HEEpiC
)
,
we
found
that
among
the
28
cases
of
esophageal
squamous
cell
carcinoma
,
PAR
1
(
60
%
)
and
PAR
2
(
71
%
)
were
elevated
in
17
and
20
cases
,
respectively
,
and
PAR
4
(
68
%
)
expression
was
lowered
in
19
cases
.
Whereas
,
in
human
esophageal
squamous
cells
(
TE-
1
and
TE-
10
)
,
PAR
1
and
PAR
2
expression
was
increased
but
PAR
4
was
decreased
.
Combined
with
clinical
data
,
the
expression
of
PAR
1
in
poorly
differentiated
(
P
=
0
.
016
)
and
middle
and
lower
parts
of
the
esophagus
(
P
=
0
.
016
)
was
higher
;
expression
of
PAR
4
in
poorly
differentiated
carcinoma
was
lower
(
P
=
0
.
049
)
.
Regarding
TE-
1
and
TE-
10
protein
expression
,
we
found
that
in
randomized
esophageal
carcinoma
,
PAR
1
(
P
=
0
.
027
)
and
PAR
2
(
P
=
0
.
039
)
expressions
were
increased
,
but
lowered
for
PAR
4
(
P
=
0
.
0001
)
.
In
HEEpiC
,
TE-
1
,
TE-
10
,
esophageal
and
normal
esophagus
tissue
samples
(
case
No
.
7
)
,
the
frequency
of
methylation
at
the
19
CpG
loci
of
PAR
4
was
35
.
4
%
,
95
.
2
%
,
83
.
8
%
,
62
.
6
%
and
48
.
2
%
,
respectively
.
Our
results
indicate
that
the
expression
of
PAR
1
and
PAR
2
in
esophageal
squamous
cell
carcinoma
is
increased
but
PAR
4
is
decreased
.
Hypermethylation
of
the
promoter
of
the
PAR
4
gene
may
contribute
to
reduced
expression
of
PAR
4
in
esophageal
squamous
cell
carcinoma
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"cancer"
symptom
achondroplasia
acute rheumatic fever
adrenal incidentaloma
alpha-thalassemia
benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis
cadasil
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
cholangiocarcinoma
coats disease
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
cowden syndrome
cushing syndrome
cutaneous mastocytosis
dedifferentiated liposarcoma
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
erdheim-chester disease
erythropoietic protoporphyria
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
familial mediterranean fever
gm1 gangliosidosis
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
hirschsprung disease
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
inclusion body myositis
junctional epidermolysis bullosa
kabuki syndrome
kallmann syndrome
kindler syndrome
lamellar ichthyosis
liposarcoma
locked-in syndrome
lymphangioleiomyomatosis
monosomy 21
neuralgic amyotrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
oligodontia
oral submucous fibrosis
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
pendred syndrome
pleomorphic liposarcoma
primary effusion lymphoma
proteus syndrome
pyomyositis
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
systemic capillary leak syndrome
triple a syndrome
von hippel-lindau disease
waldenström macroglobulinemia
well-differentiated liposarcoma
werner syndrome
wiskott-aldrich syndrome
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
This symptom has already been validated
