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Ethanol extract of Forsythia suspensa root induces apoptosis of esophageal carcinoma cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
[esophageal carcinoma]
Forsythia
suspensa
root
is
used
in
the
treatment
of
fever
and
jaundice
in
Traditional
Chinese
Medicine
.
In
the
present
study
,
the
anti-
tumor
activity
of
the
ethanolic
extract
of
Forsythia
suspensa
root
(
FSREE
)
against
esophageal
carcinoma
cells
was
investigated
in
vitro
and
in
vivo
and
its
anti-
cancer
mechanism
was
examined
.
The
results
revealed
that
FSREE
,
rather
than
Forsythia
suspensa
ethanolic
extracts
from
the
leaf
(
FSLEE
)
and
fruit
(
FSFEE
)
exhibited
marked
anti-
tumor
activity
towards
human
esophageal
cancer
cells
.
FSREE
induced
cancer
cell
apoptosis
and
growth
arrest
by
downregulating
B‑
cell
lymphoma
(
Bcl
)
‑
2
,
Bcl‑
extra
large
and
myeloid
cell
leukemia
1
,
while
upregulating
Bcl‑
2
‑
associated
X
protein
,
Bcl‑
2
antagonist
of
cell
death
and
phorbol‑
12
‑
myristate‑
13
‑
acetate‑induced
protein
1
.
This
led
to
the
activation
of
poly
(
ADP
ribose
)
polymerase
,
caspase‑
3
and
caspase‑
9
,
but
not
caspase‑
8
.
Furthermore
,
the
anti-
cancer
activity
of
FSREE
was
associated
with
a
decreased
level
of
phosphorylated
Janus
kinase
/
signal
transducer
and
activator
of
transcription
3
and
extracellular‑signal‑regulated
kinase
signaling
activity
.
It
was
also
observed
that
the
levels
of
cytochrome
c
were
elevated
in
the
cytoplasm
,
accounting
for
the
loss
of
mitochondrial
membrane
potential
in
the
TE‑
13
cells
upon
treatment
with
FSEER
.
In
addition
,
FSEER
inhibited
the
growth
of
esophageal
cancer
cells
in
xenograft
models
and
no
detectable
toxicity
was
present
in
the
lung
or
liver
tissues
.
These
observations
provided
further
evidence
of
the
anti-
tumor
effect
of
FSEER
and
may
be
of
importance
to
further
examine
the
potential
role
of
Forsythia
suspensa
root
as
a
therapeutic
agent
in
esophageal
carcinoma
therapy
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"fever"
symptom
22q11.2 deletion syndrome
acute rheumatic fever
alexander disease
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
child syndrome
congenital toxoplasmosis
cushing syndrome
cystinuria
dracunculiasis
erdheim-chester disease
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
familial mediterranean fever
focal myositis
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
lamellar ichthyosis
legionellosis
locked-in syndrome
malignant atrophic papulosis
neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy
neuralgic amyotrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
pyomyositis
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
scrub typhus
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
systemic capillary leak syndrome
triple a syndrome
typhoid
waldenström macroglobulinemia
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
This symptom has already been validated
