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Ethanol extract of Forsythia suspensa root induces apoptosis of esophageal carcinoma cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
[esophageal carcinoma]
Forsythia
suspensa
root
is
used
in
the
treatment
of
fever
and
jaundice
in
Traditional
Chinese
Medicine
.
In
the
present
study
,
the
anti-
tumor
activity
of
the
ethanolic
extract
of
Forsythia
suspensa
root
(
FSREE
)
against
esophageal
carcinoma
cells
was
investigated
in
vitro
and
in
vivo
and
its
anti-
cancer
mechanism
was
examined
.
The
results
revealed
that
FSREE
,
rather
than
Forsythia
suspensa
ethanolic
extracts
from
the
leaf
(
FSLEE
)
and
fruit
(
FSFEE
)
exhibited
marked
anti-
tumor
activity
towards
human
esophageal
cancer
cells
.
FSREE
induced
cancer
cell
apoptosis
and
growth
arrest
by
downregulating
B‑
cell
lymphoma
(
Bcl
)
‑
2
,
Bcl‑
extra
large
and
myeloid
cell
leukemia
1
,
while
upregulating
Bcl‑
2
‑
associated
X
protein
,
Bcl‑
2
antagonist
of
cell
death
and
phorbol‑
12
‑
myristate‑
13
‑
acetate‑induced
protein
1
.
This
led
to
the
activation
of
poly
(
ADP
ribose
)
polymerase
,
caspase‑
3
and
caspase‑
9
,
but
not
caspase‑
8
.
Furthermore
,
the
anti-
cancer
activity
of
FSREE
was
associated
with
a
decreased
level
of
phosphorylated
Janus
kinase
/
signal
transducer
and
activator
of
transcription
3
and
extracellular‑signal‑regulated
kinase
signaling
activity
.
It
was
also
observed
that
the
levels
of
cytochrome
c
were
elevated
in
the
cytoplasm
,
accounting
for
the
loss
of
mitochondrial
membrane
potential
in
the
TE‑
13
cells
upon
treatment
with
FSEER
.
In
addition
,
FSEER
inhibited
the
growth
of
esophageal
cancer
cells
in
xenograft
models
and
no
detectable
toxicity
was
present
in
the
lung
or
liver
tissues
.
These
observations
provided
further
evidence
of
the
anti-
tumor
effect
of
FSEER
and
may
be
of
importance
to
further
examine
the
potential
role
of
Forsythia
suspensa
root
as
a
therapeutic
agent
in
esophageal
carcinoma
therapy
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"cancer"
symptom
achondroplasia
acute rheumatic fever
adrenal incidentaloma
alpha-thalassemia
benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis
cadasil
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
cholangiocarcinoma
coats disease
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
cowden syndrome
cushing syndrome
cutaneous mastocytosis
dedifferentiated liposarcoma
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
erdheim-chester disease
erythropoietic protoporphyria
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
familial mediterranean fever
gm1 gangliosidosis
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
hirschsprung disease
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
inclusion body myositis
junctional epidermolysis bullosa
kabuki syndrome
kallmann syndrome
kindler syndrome
lamellar ichthyosis
liposarcoma
locked-in syndrome
lymphangioleiomyomatosis
monosomy 21
neuralgic amyotrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
oligodontia
oral submucous fibrosis
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
pendred syndrome
pleomorphic liposarcoma
primary effusion lymphoma
proteus syndrome
pyomyositis
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
systemic capillary leak syndrome
triple a syndrome
von hippel-lindau disease
waldenström macroglobulinemia
well-differentiated liposarcoma
werner syndrome
wiskott-aldrich syndrome
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
This symptom has already been validated
