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Ethanol extract of Forsythia suspensa root induces apoptosis of esophageal carcinoma cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
[esophageal carcinoma]
Forsythia
suspensa
root
is
used
in
the
treatment
of
fever
and
jaundice
in
Traditional
Chinese
Medicine
.
In
the
present
study
,
the
anti-
tumor
activity
of
the
ethanolic
extract
of
Forsythia
suspensa
root
(
FSREE
)
against
esophageal
carcinoma
cells
was
investigated
in
Â
vitro
and
in
Â
vivo
and
its
anti-
cancer
mechanism
was
examined
.
The
results
revealed
that
FSREE
,
rather
than
Forsythia
suspensa
ethanolic
extracts
from
the
leaf
(
FSLEE
)
and
fruit
(
FSFEE
)
exhibited
marked
anti-
tumor
activity
towards
human
esophageal
cancer
cells
.
FSREE
induced
cancer
cell
apoptosis
and
growth
arrest
by
downregulating
B‑
cell
lymphoma
(
Bcl
)
‑
2
,
Bcl‑
extra
large
and
myeloid
cell
leukemia
1
,
while
upregulating
Bcl‑
2
‑
associated
Â
X
Â
protein
,
Bcl‑
2
antagonist
of
cell
death
and
phorbol‑
12
‑
myristate‑
13
‑
acetate‑induced
protein
1
.
This
led
to
the
activation
of
poly
(
ADP
ribose
)
polymerase
,
caspase‑
3
and
caspase‑
9
,
but
not
caspase‑
8
.
Furthermore
,
the
anti-
cancer
activity
of
FSREE
was
associated
with
a
decreased
level
of
phosphorylated
Janus
kinase
/
signal
transducer
and
activator
of
transcription
3
and
extracellular‑signal‑regulated
kinase
signaling
activity
.
It
was
also
observed
that
the
levels
of
cytochrome
Â
c
were
elevated
in
the
cytoplasm
,
accounting
for
the
loss
of
mitochondrial
membrane
potential
in
the
TE‑
13
cells
upon
treatment
with
FSEER
.
In
addition
,
FSEER
inhibited
the
growth
of
esophageal
cancer
cells
in
xenograft
models
and
no
detectable
toxicity
was
present
in
the
lung
or
liver
tissues
.
These
observations
provided
further
evidence
of
the
anti-
tumor
effect
of
FSEER
and
may
be
of
importance
to
further
examine
the
potential
role
of
Forsythia
suspensa
root
as
a
therapeutic
agent
in
esophageal
carcinoma
therapy
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"loss of mitochondrial membrane"
symptom
esophageal carcinoma
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